EFTA00073070.pdf

ELIZABETH F. LOFTUS Distinguished Professor University of California, Irvine Tel: Fax: emai : web: http: soci eco ogy.uci.edu/faculty/eloftus/ EDUCATION B.A., with highest honors in Mathematics and Psychology, UCLA, 1966 M.A., Psychology, Stanford University, 1967 Ph.D., Psychology, Stanford University, 1970 TEACHING EXPERIENCE Permanent Distinguished Professor, University of California, Irvine, 2002 — present Psychological Science, 2002- Criminology, Law & Society, 2002 — Cognitive Sciences, 2002- Fellow, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2002- Founding Director, Center for Psychology & Law, 2005 - 2012 School of Law, 2007- Affiliate Professor, Univ. of Washington, Psychology Dept and School of Law, 2002 - 2016. Assistant, Associate, Full Professor, University of Washington, 1973-2002 Adjunct Professor of Law, University of Washington, 1984-2002 Assistant Professor, The New School, Graduate Faculty, New York 1970-73 Visiting Harvard University, Seminar on Law and Psychology, 1975-76 National Judicial College, University of Nevada, 1975-87 (summers) Visiting Professor, Georgetown University Law Center, 1986 HONORS AND AWARDS Honorary Degrees Doctor of Science, Miami University (Ohio), 1982 Doctorate Honoris Causa, Leiden University, The Netherlands, 1990 Doctor of Laws, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, 1994 Doctor of Science, University of Portsmouth, England, 1998 Doctor of Philosophy, Honoris Causa, University of Haifa, Israel, 2005 Doctor Honoris Causa, University of Olso, Norway 2008 Doctor of Social Sciences Honoris Causa, Goldsmiths College, University of London 2015 Doctor of Science Honoris Causa, Australian National University, Dec. 2020 (invited) Honorary Societies Phi Beta Kappa, elected 1965 (President of University of Calif. - Irvine chapter, 2005-06). EXHIBIT A EFTA00073070  Pi Mu Epsilon, National Mathematics Honorary, elected 1965 Mortar Board, National Senior Women's Honorary, elected 1965 Elected, Golden Key International Honour Society, honorary member, 2005 Fellowships Office of Education Traineeship, Stanford University, 1966-69 National Institute of Mental Health Fellowship, Stanford University, 1969-70 American Council on Education Fellowship in Academic Administration, Harvard University, 1975-76 Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, 1978-79 Grants, Contracts, Research Funding National Institute of Mental Health, 1971-72; 1972-73; 1976-79 (Human Memory) U.S. Department of Transportation, 1974-76 (Human Memory) General Services Administration, 1974-75 (Communications--w/Keating) National Bureau of Standards, 1976-77; 1980-82 (Communications--w/Keating) National Science Foundation, 1978-85 (Human Memory) National Science Foundation, 1980-83 (Jury Behavior--w/Severance) National Science Foundation, 1983-85; (Hypnosis--w/Greene) National Institute of Mental Health, 1984-86; 1986-89;1989-92 (Memory) National Center for Health Services Research, 1986-88 (Survey Memory) National Science Foundation, 1986-88; 1988-91 (Jury Comprehension--w/Greene-Goodman) Fund for Research on Dispute Resolution, 1989-91 (Predictions of Success--w/Goodman) National Institute of Health, 1991-95 (Cognition & Health--w/Croyle) National Institute of Health, 1993-94 (Health/sex memory: subcontract from UCSF/Catania) Leverhulme Trust, Postevent info and erasing memories, 1997-1999 (w/ Dan Wright, Univ. of Bristol) Royal Society of Edinburgh, Travel Grant, 2006 Grawemeyer Award Funding given to UCI, 2005-present. Newkirk Center for Science & Society, 2017-2019. Awards & Honors National Lecturer of Sigma Xi, 1978-80 American Psychological Association nomination for the NSF Waterman Award for Outstanding Contributions to Science, 1977 and 1978 National Media Award for Eyewitness Testimony (American Psychological Foundation, Distinguished Contribution, 1980) Greyhound Research Award, 1987-88 Honorary Fellow, British Psychological Society, 1991 (includes lifetime membership) George E. Allen Professor, University of Richmond School of Law, 1995 American Academy of Forensic Psychology, Distinguished Contributions to Forensic Psych Award, 1995 American Association of Applied and Preventive Psychology (AAAPP), Distinguished Contribution to Basic and Applied Scientific Psychology Award, 1996 Association for Psychological Science, James McKeen Cattell Fellow ("For outstanding lifetime contributions to the area of applied psychological research"), 1997 Oklahoma Scholar Leadership Enrichment Program Scholar 2001 Association for Psychological Science, William James Fellow Award, 2001 ("For significant lifetime intellectual contributions to the basic science of psychology.") Quad L Award (for "outstanding life-long contributions to our understanding of learning or memory processes" University of New Mexico) 2002 National Academy of Sciences: Henry & Bryna David Lectureship, 2002 (inaugural award, for "application of the best social and behavioral sciences research to public policy issues") Speech delivered at NAS (2002). Article selected for inclusion in: The Best American Science and Nature Writing, (2003) Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality (SSSS), Contributions to Sexual Science Award, 2002 American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, elected Thorsten Sellin Fellow, 2003 Distinguished Scientific Award for the Applications of Psychology, American Psychological Assn, 2003. 2 EFTA00073071  American Academy of Arts & Sciences, elected Fellow, 2003 National Academy of Sciences, elected 2004. Grawemeyer Prize in Psychology (for "Outstanding Ideas in the Science of Psychology"), 2005 Royal Society of Edinburgh, Corresponding Fellow (Scotland's National Academy of Science & Letters, Est 1783). 2005 Distinguished Member of Psi Chi (The National Honor Society in Psychology), 2005 Lauds & Laurels, Faculty Achievement Award, University of California- Irvine, (for "great professional prominence in their field" in research, teaching and public service; 9ih recipient in UCI history), 2005 Ireland Distinguished Visiting Scholar Prize, 2006 American Philosophical Society (U.S. oldest learned society, Est. 1745 by Benjamin Franklin), 2006 International Academy of Humanism, elected Humanist Laureate, 2007 (for "outstanding contributions to science, law, and academic freedom, and to the public understanding of the human mind") McGovern Award Lecture, "honors outstanding behavioral scientists from around the world." American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 2009 Distinguished Contributions to Psychology and Law, American Psychology-Law Society, 2009. Joseph Priestley Award (for "achievement in the sciences"), Dickinson College, October, 2009. Howard Crosby Warren Medal, Society of Experimental Psychologists — Est. 1904, (for "significant contributions to the understanding of the phenomenology of human memory, especially its fragility and vulnerability to distortion") 2010 American Association for the Advancement of Science Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility (for "the profound impact that your pioneering research on human memory has had on the administration of justice in the United States and abroad."), for year 2010, ceremony Feb, 2011 Forensic Mental Health Assn of California, William T. Rossiter Award (for "exceptional global contribution to the field of forensic mental health"), 2012. University of California, Irvine Medal (for "exceptional contributions to the vision, mission, and spirit of UC Irvine") 2012 Foundation for Critical Thinking, Bertrand Russell Scholar, 2013. Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Science of Psychology. American Psychological Foundation. (for "extraordinary contributions to our understanding of memory during the past 40 years that are remarkable for their creativity and impact") 2013. Cornell University: Law, Psychology & Human Development Lifetime Achievement Award ("In Recognition of a Distinguished Career of Pioneering Contributions in Legal Applications of Psychological Research"), 2015 Isaac Asimov Science Award, American Humanist Association, 2016 John Maddox Prize (for "promoting sound science and evidence on a matter of public interest, with perseverance and courage"), 2016 Western Psychological Association, Lifetime Achievement Award ("in recognition of Outstanding Career Contributions to Research and Teaching", 2018 Albert Wolters Distinguished Visiting Professor ("in recognition of her world-class contributions to cognitive psychology"), University of Reading, 2018 Ulysses Medal, University College Dublin, Ireland ("the highest honor bestowed by UCD") 2018 Lifetime Achievement Award for Psychology, Australian National University, (for "pioneering research on the science of human memory") 2019 American Philosophical Society's Patrick Suppes Prize in Psychology, "in recognition of her demonstrations that memories are generally altered, false memories can be implanted, and the changes in law and therapy this knowledge has caused", 2020 International Union of Psychological Science, Lifetime Career Award, (for "distinguished and enduring lifetime contributions to advancing knowledge in psychology.") 2021 Other Public Honors & Recognition Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP): "In Praise of Reason" Award, 1994 (Renamed: Committee for Skeptical Inquiry — C.S.I.) Sexual Sanity Award, Sexual Intelligence, 2001 OC Metro magazine selection as one of the "Hottest 25 People in Orange County for 2002" 3 EFTA00073072  Listed in One Hundred Most Eminent Psychologists of the 20th century. #58. Review of General Psychology, 2002. University of Portsmouth (England) endowed a prize for the best research dissertation in their MSc Program in Forensic Psychology, naming it The Elizabeth Loftus Award, 2004. "The false memory diet", "Most noteworthy ideas of 2005", New York Times Magazine, 2005. University of Klagenfurt, Student Scientific Board selection- "Nobel Prize in Psychology", Austria, 2005. Listed in Who's Who in America, Who's Who in Science and Engineering, Who's Who in American Education, Who's Who in Social Sciences Higher Education (WWSSHE), World Who's Who of Women, and various others. Bethschrift Redux: Research Inspired by the Work of Elizabeth F. Loftus Special Issue of Applied Cognitive Psychology, edited by M. Garry & H. Hayne, Vol. 20, 2006. Fellow, German Skeptics Organization, GWUP, elected 2018 PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS Current: American Association for the Advancement of Science (Fellow; Board of Directors, 2013 - 2017) Association for Psychological Science (Formerly American Psychological Society; President 1998-99) Western Psychological Association (President, 1984; President 2004-2005) Psychonomic Society (Governing Board, 1990-1995) Lifetime Member Society of Experimental Psychologists, (1990 - ) British Psychological Society (1991, Lifetime Member) National Academy of Sciences, (2004 - ) American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2003 - ). Royal Society of Edinburgh (2005 — Lifetime Corresponding Fellow) American Philosophical Society (2006 - ) Past: American Psychological Association (Fellow-Div. 3, 35, 41; President, American Psychology-Law Society, Div. 41, 1985; President, Experimental Psychology Division, Div. 3, 1988) (1973-1996) Institute for the Study of the Trial (Board of Directors, 1979-81) Law and Society Association (1982-89) Eastern Psychological Assn, Elected Fellow 2011 OTHER PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Member, Psychology Education Review Committee, National Institute of Mental Health. 1977-79 Associate Editor, American Psychologist, 1990-94 Editorial Board Member: Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1974-87 Ethics and Behavior, 1989-91 Human Learning, 1980-86 Forensic Reports, 1987-92 Social Cognition, 1981-92 The Forensic Echo, 1998-2000 Law and Society Review, 1982-86 Psychology, Crime and Law, 1992- Information and Behavior, 1983-90 Psych Science in the Public Interest, 1999- American Journal of Psychology, 1989-2008 Canadian Psychology 2001- Justice Quarterly, 1984-95 Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2005 - 2017 Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 1985-99 Internat. J of Psychology, Cons Ed, 2005 -12 Applied Cognitive Psychology 1987-93 Experimental Psychology, 2008 - (Special Editorial Advisor, 1993- ) Psychology of Consciousness 2012 — Law and Human Behavior, 1980-2005 Memmy, Mind & Media, 2021 - Advisory Board Member: British Journal of Psychology, 1983-99(approx) Psychology Today, 1999-2003 Skeptic Magazine (UK), 2009 — present Member, Council for Scientific Medicine, Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine, 1998- 4 EFTA00073073 American Psychological Association committee work: Member, Communications Committee, 1975-76; Member, Magazine Task Force, 1975-76; Member, Finance Committee, 1976-78; Member, Comm. on Organization of APA, 1977-78; Commission on Organization, 1978-82; Council of Representatives, Div. 3, 1982-85; Executive Committee, Div. 41, 1981-85; Member, Ethics Committee, 1984; National Policy Studies Oversight Committee, 1986; Psychology Today, Board of Directors, 1987-88; Comm. on Division/APA Relations (CODAPAR), 1988-89, Public Information Comm. 1989-1992 Task Force on Recovered Memories of Child Sexual Abuse, 1993-96 Association for Psychological Science (Formerly American Psychological Society) Committee work: Fund for Advancement of Psychological Science, Board Member, 2003- . (Chair: Bequest Subcommittee). Cattell Award Committee, 2001-05 . Association for Advancement of Psychology (AAP), Board of Trustees, 1981-85 Federation of Behavioral, Psychological, and Cognitive Sciences: Executive Committee, 1992-95 National Academies: (inc. National Academy of Sciences) Committee on ELF Radiation, 1976-77 Committee on Basic Research in the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1980-82 Committee on Use of Statistical Evidence in Court, 1982-85 Committee on Cognitive Aspects of Survey Methodology, 1982-83 Division of Behavioral & Social Sciences & Education (DBASSE) Executive Board, 2005 -2011 National Academy of Sciences, Class Membership Committee, 2005, 2006,. 2007 Committee on Military and Intelligence Methodology for Emergent Physiological and Cognitive/Neural Science Research, 2007 - 08. Board on Human-Systems Integration, NRC, 2014- 2017 Standing Committee on Advancing Science Communication Research and Practice 2018- present American Philosophical Society TNG for Psychology, 2006-08 Social Sciences Research Council: Committee on Cognition and Surveys, 1985-90 Bureau of National Affairs, Advisory Committee on Complex Litigation, 1987-1990 Representative from University Faculty to State Legislature, 1976-78 Advisory Comm., Institute of Government and Public Affairs, Univ. of Illinois, 1987-1992 FMS Foundation Advisory Board, 1992-2019. NIMH Behavioral Sciences Task Force, 1993 Sage Series on Counseling Women, Advisor, 1995-96 Exploratorium, San Francisco's Science Museum, Advisor, 1990-91, 1996-98 Brain.com Corporation, Scientific Advisory Board, 1999-2001 Center on Wrongful Convictions, National Advisory Board, 2000- NewKirk Center for Science & Society, Advisory Board, 2002- International Institute of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, (Affiliated faculty), Romania, 2003 - . Member, Board of Commissioners, American Judicature Society Commission on Forensic Science & Public Policy, 2005-2010. Sage Cognitive Psychology Program, Consulting Board Member, 2006-2008 Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), Advisory Board, 2009-2015 Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI), Executive Council, 2011- present. National Science Communication Institute, Board of Directors, 2011-2014. Consortium of Social Science Associations (COSSA), Board of Directors, 2012 - 2013 GOVERNMENT AND OTHER CONSULTING General Services Administration, 1974-77 5 EFTA00073074  Federal Trade Commission, 1976-77 Bay Area Rapid Transit, San Francisco, 1979 U.S. Department of Justice (National Crime Survey), 1980 Consultant for attorneys and other members of the legal profession in 34 US states, Canada, South Korea, Israel, Sweden, Japan, The Netherlands, Ireland, Scotland, Portugal Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1981 Westin Hotels, AT&T, Schering-Plough, L.A. Gear, and other corporations Internal Revenue Service, 1984 National Center for Health Statistics, 1985 US Secret Service, 1986 Unified Court System, NY., 1989-90 Consultant to Canadian Government Officials re eyewitness testimony (Sophonow Inquiry), 2001 Central Intelligence Agency, 2005 —2006. . Veterans Education Association, Academic Advisory Board Member, 2006 . Grawemeyer Award External Review Panel, 2008. PUBLICATIONS Books Mednick, S.A., Pollio, R. H. & Loftus, E.F. (1973). Learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. • Japanese edition: Iwanami Shoten Publishers, Tokyo. Loftus, G.R. & Loftus, E.F. (1976) Human Memory: The Processing of Information. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates. • Japanese edition: University of Tokyo Press. Bourne, L.E., Dominowski, R. L., & Loftus, E.F. (1979). Cognitive Processes. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Loftus, E.F. (1979). Eyewitness Testimony. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.(National Media Award, Distinguished Contribution, 1980). (Reissued with new Preface in 1996). • Japanese edition: Seishin Shobo, Tokyo. Loftus, E.F. (1980). Memory. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. (Reprinted by NY: Ardsley Press 1988). • Swedish edition: Liber Forlag, Stockholm.; Hebrew edition: Or Am, Tel-Aviv.; French edition: Le Jour, Editeur.; Spanish edition: Compania Editorial Continental.; Danish edition: Herron Publishers. Wortman, C.B. & Loftus, E.F. (1981). Psychology. New York: Random House (ICnopf). Loftus, G.R. & Loftus, E.F. (1982). Essence of Statistics. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. Bootzin, R., Loftus, E., & Zajonc, R. (1983). Psychology Today (5th ed.). NY: Random House. Loftus, G.R. & Loftus, E.F. (1983). Mind at Play. New York: Basic Books. • Japanese edition: Companion Shuppan Ltd. Wells, G. & Loftus, E.F. (Flit) (1984). Eyewitness Testimony--Psychological perspectives. NY: Cambridge University Press. Wortman, C.B. & Loftus, E.F. (1985). Psychology (2nd ed.) NY: Random House (ICnopf). Bourne, L.E., Dominowski, R.L., Loftus, E.F., & Healy, A. (1986). Cognitive Processes. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. Loftus, E.F. & Doyle, J. (1987). Eyewitness Testimony: Civil and Criminal. NY: Kluwer. Loftus, G.R. & Loftus, E.F. (1988). Statistics. New York: Random House. Wortman, C.B. & Loftus, E.F. (1988). Psychology (3rd ed.). NY: Random House (Knopf). Loftus, E.F. & Ketcham, K. (1991) Witness for the Defense; The Accused, the Eyewitness, and the Expert Who Puts Memory on Trial NY: St. Martin's Press. •Chinese Translation: Taiwan: Business Weekly Publications 1999; Spanish Translation: Barcelona, Spain: Alba 2010 Wortman, C.B. & Loftus, E.F. (1992) Psychology (4th ed.) NY: McGraw Hill. Loftus, E.F. & Doyle, J.M. (1992) Eyewitness Testimony - Civil and Criminal. Charlottesville, VA: The Michie Co. Loftus, E.F. & Ketcham, K. (1994) The Myth of Repressed Memory. NY: St. Martin's Press. 6 EFTA00073075  -Dutch edition: Graven in het geheugen, Amsterdam/Antwerpen: Uitgevedi L.J. Veen (1995) • German edition: Die Therapierte erinnerung. (translated by Ingrid Klein): Hamburg: Verlag GmbH. (1995). • French edition: Le syndrome des faux souvenirs. Collection Regard Critique: Editions Exergue, (1997). Bastei Lubbe Publishing. • Taiwanese Translation: Yuan Liou Publishing. • Japanese edition: Seishin Shobo Publishers (2000). -Korean edition: Dosol Publishing (2008) -French, second ed. (2012) Le syndrome des faux souvenirs. Paris: Editions Exergue. Loftus, E.F. & Doyle, J.M. (1997) Eyewitness testimony: Civil & Criminal, 3rd edition. Charlottesville, Va: Lexis Law Publishing. Wortman, C.B., Loftus, E.F., & Weaver, C. (1999) Psychology (5th edition). NY: McGraw Hill. Loftus, E.F., Doyle, J.M. & Dysart, J. (2007) Eyewitness testimony: Civil & Cr) z ) al, 4th edition. Charlottesville, Va: Lexis Law Publishing. (482 pages) Loftus, E.F., Doyle, J.M. & Dysart, J.L . (2013) Eyewitness testimony: Civil & Criminal, 5th edition. Charlottesville, Va: Leis Law Publishing. (447 pages) Loftus, E.F., Doyle, J.M. , Dysart, J. L, & Newirth, K.A. (2019) Eyewitness testimony: Civil & Cr'):) al, 6th edition. Charlottesville, Va: Lexis Law Publishing. (532 pages) Articles and Chapters 1968 Fishman, E.F. (Loftus), Keller, L., & Atkinson, R.C. (1968). Massed vs. distributed practice in computerized spelling drills. Journal of Educational Psychology, 59, 290-296. • Reprinted in: R.C. Atkinson & H.A. Wilson (Eds.) (1969). Computer-Assisted Instruction: A Book of Readings. NY: Academic Press. 1969 Suppes, P., Loftus, E.F., & Jerman, M. (1969). Problem-solving on a computer-based Teletype. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 2, 1-15. • Reprinted in: E. Fishbein & E. Rasu (Eds.) (1971). Invatamintul Matenratic in Lurnea Contemporana. Bucharest: Editura Didactice si Pedagogica. 1970 Loftus, E.F. & Freedman, J.L. (1970). On predicting constrained associates from long-term memory. Bulletin of Psychonomic Society, 19, 357-358. Loftus, E.F., Freedman, J.L., & Loftus, G.R. (1970). Retrieval of words from subordinate and superordinate categories in semantic hierarchies. Bulletin of Psychonomic Science, 21, 235-236. Loftus, E.F. (1970). An analysis of the structural variables that determine problem solving difficulty on a computer-based Teletype. Doctoral Dissertation, Stanford University. Also, Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences, Technical Report No. 126, December 18, 1970. 1971 Freedman, J.L. & Loftus, E.F. (1971). Retrieval of words from long-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 10, 107-115. Loftus, E.F. & Scheff, R.W. (1971). Categorization norms for fifty representative instances. Journal of Experimental Psychology Monograph, 91, 355-364. Loftus, E.F. (1971). Memory for intentions: The effect of presence of a cue and interpolated activity. Bulletin of Psychonomic Science, 23, 315-316. 1972 Loftus, E.F. & Suppes, P. (1972). Structural variables that determine problem-solving difficulty in computer-assisted instruction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 63, 531-542. Loftus, E.F. & Freedman, J.L. (1972) Effect of category-name frequency on the speed of naming an instance of the category. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 343-347. Loftus, E.F. & Suppes, P. (1972). Structural variables that determine the speed of retrieving words from long-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 770-777. 7 EFTA00073076  Loftus, E.F. (1972). Nouns, adjectives and semantic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 96, 213-215. 1973 Loftus, E.F. (1973). Category dominance, instance dominance, and categorization time. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 97, 70-74. Loftus, E.F. & Grober, E.H. (1973). Retrieval from semantic memory by young children. Developmental Psychology, 8, 310. Loftus, E.F. (1973). Activation of semantic memory. American Journal of Psychology, 86, 331-337. Loftus, E.F. (1973). Teaching young children how to use a computer-based Teletype as a desk calculator. Behavioral Research Methods and Instrumentation, 5, 204-208. 1974 Loftus, E.F. & Bolton, M. (1974). Retrieval of superordinates and subordinates. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 102, 121-124. Loftus, E.F. & Loftus, G.R. (1974). Changes in memory structure and retrieval over the course of instruction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 66, 315-318. Grober, E.H. & Loftus, E.F. (1974). Semantic memory: Searching for attributes versus searching for names. Memory and Cognition, 2, 413-416. Loftus, E.F. & Keating, J.P. (1974, November). The psychology of emergency communications. Proceedings of the International Conference on Fire Safety in High Rise Buildings. Loftus, G.R. & Loftus, E.F. (1974). The influence of one memory retrieval on a subsequent retrieval. Memory and Cognition, 2, 467-471. Loftus, E.F. (1974). On reading the fine print. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 26, 324. Freedman, J.L. & Loftus, E.F. (1974). Retrieval of words from well-learned sets. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 102, 1085-1091. Loftus, E.F. & Cole, W. (1974). Retrieving attribute and name information from semantic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 102, 1116-1122. Loftus, E.F., Wiksten, S., & Abelson, R.P. (1974). Using semantic memory to find versus create a word. Memory and Cognition, 3, 479-483. Loftus, E.F. & Palmer, J.C. (1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the inter- action between language and memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13, 585-589. • Reprinted in: Neisser, U. (Ed.) (1982) Memory Observed. San Francisco: Freeman. Peter E. Morris & M. Conway (Eds.) (1993) The International Library of Critical Writings in Psychology: Memory. NY: Academic Press. Loftus, E.F., Senders, J.W., & Turkletaub, S. (1974). The retrieval of phonetically similar and dissimilar category members. American Journal of Psychology, 87, 57-63. Loftus, E.F. (1974). Reconstructing memory: The incredible eyewitness. Psychology Today, 8, 116-119. Reprinted in: Jurimetrics Journal, 15, 1975, p188-193.; The Cincinnati Post, January 21, 1975; Annual Editions: Readings in Psychology 75/76. Guilford, CT: Dushkin Publishing Group, 1975; Student Lawyer, 3, 1975, 38-51.; Psychologie Heute, April, 1975; N.W. Peralta (Ed.) (1975). Personal awareness in business: Readings, problems, and activities. Chicago: Institute of Financial Education; Police Officers Journal, 1976.; J.R. Snortum & I. Hadar (Ms.) (1977). Criminal justice: The actors and the action. Pacific Palisades, CA: Palisades Publishers; P. Chance & T.G. Harris (1990) The Best of Psychology Today. New York: McGraw Hill. Loftus, E.F. (1974). Review of Lindsay and Norman's Human Information Processing. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 3, 180-184. 1975 Loftus, E.F. (1975). Leading questions and the eyewitness report. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 560-572. • Reprinted in: Notable Selections in Psychology, 2nd Ed., Pettijohn, T. F., Ed. (1996) Madison, WI: Dushkin Publishing. • Reprinted in part in: Hock, R. R. (1999) Forty Studies that Changed Psychology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 115-123. 8 EFTA00073077  Collins, A.M. & Loftus, E.F. (1975). A spreading activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82, 407-428. Loftus, E.F. & Zanni, G. (1975). Eyewitness testimony: The influence of the wording of a question. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 5, 86-88. Keating, J.P. & Loftus, E.F. (1975). People care in fire emergencies--psychological aspects.. Boston, Ma: Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Technical Report 75-4, p 1-12. . Loftus, E.F., Altman D., & Geballe, R. (1975). Effects of questioning upon a witness's later recollections. Journal ofPolice Science and Administration, 3, 162-165. Loftus, E.F. (1975). Retrieval from semantic memory: Some data and a model. In T. Storer & D. Winter (Eds.), Formal aspects of cognitive processes [Volume 22 of G. Goos & J. Hartman (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science]. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Loftus, E.F. (1975). Spreading activation within semantic categories. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: General, 104, 234-240. Kasprzyk, D., Montano, D.E., & Loftus, E.F. (1975). Effect of leading questions on juror's verdicts. Jurimetrics Journal, 16, 48-51. (American Bar Association Journal devoted to science and the law). Loftus, E.F. (1975, April 4). Eyewitness testimony: Does the malleable human memory interfere with legal justice? The Daily, University of Washington. • Reprinted in: Social Action and the Law, Newsletter, 2, 5-9. Loftus, E.F. (1975, October). Eyewitness. Puget Soundings, pp. 32-37. Loftus, E.F. (1975). Review of Norman & Rumelhart's Explorations In Cognition. American Journal of Psychology, 88, 691-694. 1976 Loftus, E.F. (1976). Federal regulations: Make the punishment fit the crime. Science, 191, 521 [Lead editorial]. Loftus, E.F. (1976). Organization et recuperation de ]'information sur les attribute et les noms Organization and retrieval of attribute and name information]. In S. Ehrlich and E. Tulving (Eds.), La memoire senumtique. Bulletin de Psychologie, 69-75. Loftus, E.F. (1976). Unconscious transference in eyewitness identification. Law and Psychology Review, 2, 93-98. Miller, D.G. & Loftus, E.F. (1976). Influencing memory for people and their actions. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 7, 9-11. 1977 Loftus, E.F. (1977). Shifting human color memory. Memory and Cognition, 5, 696-699. Keating, J.P. & Loftus, E.F. (1977). Vocal alarm system for high-rise buildings--a case study. Mass Emergencies, 2, 25-34. Loftus, E.F. (1977). Show to catch a zebra in semantic memory. In R. Shaw & J. Bransford (Eds.), Perceiving, acting, and knowing: Toward An Ecological Psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Loftus, E.F. (1977). Follies of affirmative action. Society, 13, 21-24. Loftus, E.F. (1977). Eyewitness reports: Psychological factors and expert testimony. in Psychology and the litigation process. Toronto, Canada: Law Society of Upper Canada. Loftus, E.F. & Cole, W. (1977). A century of thought [A review of Meyer, R. E., Thinking and problem solving. Glenview, IL: Scott Foresman & Co., 1977]. Contemporary Psychology, 22, 691-692. 1978 Loftus, E.F., Miller, D.G., & Burns, H.J. (1978). Semantic integration of verbal information into a visual memory. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Human Learning andMemory, 4, 19-31. • Reprinted in: Gross, R.D. (1990) Key Studies in Psychology. London: Hodder & Stoughton Publishers. Shanks, D. (1997). Human Memory: A reader. London: Arnold (NY: St. Martin's Press). p. 91-107. Balota, D.A. & Marsh, E. J. (2004) Cognitive Psychology: Key Readings. NY: Psychology Press. p 309-320 Dale, P.S., Loftus, E.F., & Rathbun, L. (1978). The influence of the form of the question on the eyewitness testimony of preschool children. Journal ofPsycholinguistic Research, 7, 269-277. 9 EFTA00073078  Groner, N., Keating, J.P., & Loftus, E.F. (1978). Development of coded emergency alarms through word- association tasks. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 11, 139-140. Loftus, E.F. (1978). Memory. In G. Lindzey, C. Hall, & R.F. Thompson, Psychology. NY: Worth Publishers. Groner, N.E., Loftus, E.F., & Keating, J.C. (1978). Calling nurse blaze: Tailoring programs to fit human behavior. Hospitals, 52 (Journal of the American Hospital Association), 111-115. Siegel, J.M. & Loftus, E.F. (1978). Impact of anxiety and life stress on eyewitness testimony. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 12, 479-480. Fishman, D.B. & Loftus, E.F. (1978). Expert testimony on eyewitness identification. Law and Psychology Review, 4, 87-103. Hastie, R., Lansman, R., & Loftus, E.F. (1978). Eyewitness testimony: The dangers of guessing. Jurimetrics Journal, 19, 1-8. Loftus, E.F. (1978). Three forms of impaired memories. (A review of A.R. Luria, The Neuropsychology of Memory. Washington, DC: V.H. Winston & Sons, 1976). Contemporary Psychology, 23, 1-2. MacLeod, C.M. & Loftus, E.F. (1978). Memories are made of this... (A review of C.N. Cofer (Ed.), The Structure of Human Memory. San Francisco: Freeman, 1976). Contemporary Psychology, 23, 70-71. Loftus, E.F. (1978). Review of J. Tough. The Development of Meaning. (Bristol, UK: John Wright & Sons, Ltd. Also, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1977). Modern Language Journal, LXII, 80-81. 1979 Loftus, E.F. & Fries, J.F. (1979). Informed consent may be hazardous to your health. Science, 204, 11, (lead editorial). Reprinted several times. (Reply: Science, 1979, 205, 644-647). Loftus, E.F. (1979). The malleability of human memory. American Scientist, 67, 312-320. Reprinted several times. Powers, P.A., Andriks, J.L., & Loftus, E.F. (1979). The eyewitness accounts of females and males. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64, 339-347. Loftus, E.F. (1979). Reactions to blatantly contradictory information. Memory and Cognition, 7, 368-374. Fries, J.F. & Loftus, E.F. (1979). Informed consent: Right or rite? Ca-A Cancer Journalfor Clinicians, 29,316-318. Gentner, D. & Loftus, E.F. (1979). Integration of verbal and visual information as evidenced by distortions in picture memory. American Journal of Psychology, 92, 363-375. Loftus, E.F. (1979). Insurance advertising and jury awards. American Bar Association Journal, 65, 68-70. Cole, W.G. & Loftus, E.F. (1979). Incorporating new information into memory. American Journal of Psychology, 92, 413-425. Hilgard, E. & Loftus, E.F. (1979). Effective interrogation of the eyewitness. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 27, 342-357. Loftus, E.F. (1979). Words that could save your life. Psychology Today, 13, 102-110, 136-137. Loftus, E.F. (1979). Eyewitness reliability. Review of The Psychology of Person Identification by B.R. Clifford & R. Bull. Science, 205, 386-387. Loftus, E.F. (1979). Review of Social Psychology in Court by M. Saks & R. Hastie, Clinical Law Reporter, 3, 31-33. 1980 Loftus, E.F. & Monahan, J. (1980). Trial by data: Psychological research as legal evidence. American Psychologist, 35, 270-283. Loftus, E.F. (1980). Impact of expert psychological testimony on the unreliability of eyewitness identification. Journal of Applied Psychology, 56, 9-15. Loftus, E.F. (1980). Alcohol, marijuana and memory. Psychology Today, 13, 42-56, 92. Loftus, G.R. & Loftus, E.F. (1980). Visual perception: The shifting domain of discourse. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, 391-392. Loftus, E.F. (1980). Psychological aspects of courtroom testimony. In F. Wright, C. Bahn, & R.W. Rieber (Eds.), Forensic psychology and psychiatry. NY: New York Academy of Sciences. P 27-37. Loftus, E.F. & Loftus, G.R. (1980). On the permanence of stored information in the human brain. American Psychologist, 35, 409-420. 10 EFTA00073079  --Reprinted in: Honeck, R.P. (Ed) (1994) Introductory readingsfor Cognitive Psychology, 2nd Ed. Guilford, Cr: Dushkin Publishing Group Inc., Chapter 12, p 1136-130 Loftus, E.F. (1980). The eyewitness on trial. Trial, 1980, 16, 30-35, 80-81. Expanded version in J. Taylor (Ed.), Recent Developments in the Law of Evidence. Vancouver: Butterworths. Loftus, E.F. (1980). Language and memories in the judicial system. In R. Shuy & A. Shnukal (Eds.), Language use and the uses of language (pp. 257-268). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. Loftus, E.F., Greene, E., & Smith, K.H. (1980). How deep is the meaning of life? Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 15, 282-284. Loftus, E.F. & Greene, E. (1980). Warning: Even memory for faces may be contagious. Law and Human Behavior, 4, 323-334. Greene, E., Manber, M., & Loftus, E.F. (1980). Witnesses to fires. In Fire-related Human Behavior. Washington, DC: Open Learning Fire Service Program. Loftus, E.F. & Greene, E. (1980). Review of The Psychology of Eyewitness Testimony by A.D. Yarmey. The Free Press, 1979. Journal of Criminal Justice, 4, 264-266. 1981 Loftus, E.F. (1981). Reconstructive memory processes in eyewitness testimony. In B.D. Sales (Ed.), The trial process (pp. 115-144). NY: Plenum Press. Greene, E. & Loftus, E.F. (1981) Distortions in eye witness memory. Directions in Psychology. Piscatay, NJ: Pro Scientia. Loftus, E.F. & Scott, G.R. (1981). Memory, Yearbook of Science and Technology. NY: McGraw Hill. Keating, J.P. & Loftus, E.F. (1981). The logic of fire escape. Psychology Today, 15, 14-19. Loftus, E.F. (1981). Natural and unnatural cognition. Cognition, 10, 193-196. Loftus, E.F. (1981). Eyewitness Testimony: Psychological Research and Legal Thought. In M. Tonry & N. Morris (FAc.), Crime and justice--An annual review of research (Vol. III, pp. 105-151). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Loftus, E.F. (1981). Mentalmorphosis: Alterations in memory produced by the mental bonding of new information to old. In J.B. Long and A.D. Baddeley (FAc.), Attention and performance, IX. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Loftus, E.F. (1981). Hear ye, hear ye. (Review of Atkinson, J.M. & Drew, P. Order in Court: The Organization of Verbal Interaction in Judicial Settings. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1979). Contemporary Psychology, 26, 141-142. Greene, E. & Loftus, E.F. (1981). The person-perceiver as information-processor. [Review of Hastie et al. (Eds.)), Person Memory. Erlbaum, 1980). Contemporary Psychology, 26, 343-345. 1982 Monahan, J. & Loftus, E.F. (1982). The psychology of law. Annual Review of Psychology, 33, 441-475. Loftus, E.F. (1982). Remembering recent experiences. In L.S. Cermak (Ed.), Human Memory and Amnesia. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Penrod, S., Loftus, E., & Winkler, J. (1982). The reliability of eyewitness testimony. A psychological perspective. In R. Bray and N. Kerr (Eds.), The Psychology of the Courtroom. NY: Academic Press. Greene, E., Flynn, M.S., & Loftus, E.F. (1982). Inducing resistance to misleading information. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 21, 207-219. Loftus, E.F. (1982). Memory and its distortions. In A.G. Kraut (Ed.), G. Stanley Hall Lectures (pp. 123- 154). Washington, DC: American Psychological Assn. Loftus, E.F. & Hall, D.F. (1982). Memory changes in eyewitness accounts. In A. Trankell (Ed.), Reconstructing the Past (pp. 189-203). Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt & Sons. Deffenbacher, K.A. & Loftus, E.F. (1982). Do jurors share a common understanding concerning eyewitness behavior? Law and Human Behavior, 6, 15-30. Loftus, E.F. (1982). Interrogating eyewitnesses--good questions and bad. In R.M. Hogarth (Ed.), New directionsfor methodology of social and behavioral science: Question framing and response consistency (pp. 51-63). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Severance, L.J. & Loftus, E.F. (1982). Improving jurors' abilities to comprehend and apply criminal jury instructions. Law and Society Review, 17, 153-197. 11 EFTA00073080  Loftus, E.F. & Bums, T.E. (1982). Mental shock can produce retrograde amnesia. Memory and Cognition, 10,318-323. Loftus, E.F. & Severance, L.J. (1982). Improving jury instructions. Washington State Bar Journal, July, 16-19. Greene, E. & Loftus, E.F. (1982). Eyewitness testimony: Constructive processes in human memory. In Advances in Psychology (Vol.1). Villanova, PA: ProScientia, Inc. Loftus, E.F. & Beach, L.R. (1982). Human inference and judgment: Is the glass half empty or half full? Stanford Law Review, 34, 901-918. 1983 Loftus, E.F. (1983). Misfortunes of memory. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. London, 302,413-421. Loftus, E.F. (1983). Silence is not golden. American Psychologist, 38, 564-572. Loftus, E.F. (1983). Whose shadow is crooked? American Psychologist, 38, 576-577. Loftus, E.F. & Marburger, W. (1983). Since the eruption of Mt. St. Helens, did anyone beat you up? Improving the accuracy of retrospective reports with landmark events. Memory and Cognition, 11, 114-120. Loftus, E.F., Manber, M., & Keating, J.P. (1983). Recollection of naturalistic events: Context enhancement versus negative cueing. Human Learning, 2, 83-92. Loftus, E.F., Ketcham, K.E. (1983). The malleability of eyewitness accounts. In S.M.A. Lloyd-Bostock & B.R. Clifford (Eds.), Evaluating Witness Evidence (pp. 157-172). London: Wiley. Loftus, E.F. (1983). Memory. The World Book Encyclopedia (Vol. 13, pp. 318-320). Chicago: World Book, Inc. Keating, J.P., Loftus, E.F., & Manber, M. (1983). Emergency evaluations during fires: Psychological considerations. In R.F. Kidd & M. J. Saks (Eds.), Advances in Applied Social Psychology (Vol 2. pp. 83- 99). Hillsdale: Erlbaum. Loftus, E.F., Goodman, J., & Nagatkin, C. (1983). Examining witnesses--good advice and bad. in R.J. Matlon & R.J. Crawford (Eds.), Communication Strategies in the Practice of Lawyering (pp. 292-317). Annandale, VA: Speech Communication Association. Loftus, E.F. & Greene, E. (1983). Review of "Reconstructing reality in the courtroom." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 74, 315-328. 1984 Hall, D.F. & Loftus, E.F. (1984). The fate of memory: Discoverable or doomed? In N. Butters & L. Squire (Eds.), Neuropsychology of Memory (pp. 25-32). NY: Guilford Press. Greene, E. & Loftus, E.F. (1984). What's new in the news? The influence of well publicized news events on psychological research and courtroom trials. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 5, 211-221. Severance, L.J. & Loftus, E.F. (1984). Improving criminal justice: Making jury instructions understandable for American jurors. International Review of Applied Psychology, 33, 97-119. Loftus, E.F., Loftus, G.R., & Hunt, E.B. (1984). Broadbent's Maltese cross memory model: Something old, something new, something borrowed, something missing. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7, 73-74. Severance, L., Greene, E., & Loftus, E.F. (1984). Toward criminal jury instructions that jurors can understand. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 75, 198-233. Loftus, E.F. & Davies, G.M. (1984). Distortions in the memory of children. Journal of Social Issues, 40, 51-67. Goodman, J. & Loftus, E.F. (1984). Social science looks at witness examination. Trial, 20, 52-57. Loftus, E.F. (1984). Eyewitnesses: Essential but unreliable. Psychology Today, 18 (Feb.), 22-26. Wells, G.L. & Loftus, E.F. (1984). Eyewitness research: Then and now. In G.L. Wells & E.F. Loftus (Eds.), Eyewitness Testimony: Psychological Perspectives (pp. 1-11). NY: Cambridge University Press. Hall, D.F., Loftus, E.F., & Tousignant, J.P. (1984). Post-event information and changes in recollection for a natural event. In G.L. Wells & E.F. Loftus (Eds.), Eyewitness Testimony: Psychological Perspectives (pp. 124-141). NY: Cambridge University Press. Loftus, E.F. (1984). Expert testimony on the eyewitness. In G.L. Wells & E.F. Loftus (Eds.), Eyewitness Testimony: Psychological Perspectives. NY: Cambridge University Press, 273-282. 12 EFTA00073081  Loftus, E.F. & Yuille, J.C. (1984). Departures from reality in human perception and memory. In W. Weingartner & E.S. Parker (Eds.), Human Memory Consolidation: Toward a Psychobiology of Cognition (pp. 163-183). Hillsdale: Erlbaum. Fathi, D., Schooler, J. & Loftus, E.F. (1984). Moving survey problems into the Cognitive Psychology Laboratory. Proceedings of the Survey Research Section. Washington, DC: American Statistical Association, 19-21. Loftus, E.F., Keating, J.P., & Manber, M. (1984). Communicating with people during emergencies. In L. Sproull & P. Larkey (Eds.), Information Processing in Organizations (pp. 33-44). Greenwich, CO: JAI Publishing. Wilson, L. & Loftus, E.F. (1984). Now you will remember everything. Contemporary Psychology, 29, 462-463. Loftus, E.F. & Greene, E. (1984). Twelve angry people: The collective mind of the jury. Columbia Law Review, 84, 1425-1434. Hall, D.E. & Loftus, E.F. (1984). Research on eyewitness testimony: Recent advances and current controversy. In D.J. Muller, D.E. Blackman, & A.J. Chapman (Eds.), Psychology and Law, (pp. 199- 213). London: Wiley. Loftus, E.F. & Schooler, J.W. (1984). Recoding processes in memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7, 246-247. 1985 Loftus, E.F., Fienberg, S.E., & Tanur, J.M. (1985). Cognitive psychology meets the national survey. American Psychologist, 40, 175-180. Loftus, E.F., Schooler, J.W., & Wagenaar, W.A. (1985). The fate of memory. Comment on McCloskey & Zaragoza. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114, 375-380. Loftus, E.F., Schooler, J.W., Loftus, G.R., & Glauber, D.T. (1985). Memory for events occurring under anesthesia. Acta Psychologica, 59, 123-128. Loftus, E.F. & Fathi, D. (1985). Retrieving multiple autobiographical memories, Social Cognition, 3, 280- 295. Greene, E. & Loftus, E.F. (1985). When crimes are joined at trial. Law and Human Behavior, 9, 171-186. Ward, R.A. & Loftus, E.F. (1985). Eyewitness performance in different psychological types. Journal of General Psychology, 112, 191-200. Loftus, E.F. (1985). To file, perchance to cheat. Psychology Today, 19, 34-39. Hall, D.F. & Loftus, E.F. (1985). Recent advances in research on eyewitness testimony. In C.P. Ewing (Ed.), Psychology, Psychiatry and the Law: A Clinical and Forensic Handbook (pp. 417-439). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Exchange. Loftus, E.F. & Goodman, J. (1985). Questioning witnesses. In S. Kassin & L. Wrightsman (Eds.), The Psychology of Evidence and Courtroom Procedure (pp. 253-279). Beverly Hills: Sage. Greene, E., Schooler, J.W., & Loftus, E.F. (1985). Expert testimony. In S. Kassin & L. Wrightsman (Eds.), The Psychology of Evidence and Courtroom Procedure (pp. 201-228). Beverly Hills: Sage. Fienberg, S.E., Loftus, E.F., & Tanur, J.M. (1985). Cognitive aspects of health survey methodology. Millbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 63, 547-564. Fienberg, S.E., Loftus, E.F., & Tanur, J.M. (1985). Recalling pain and other symptoms. Millbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 63, 582-597. Fienberg, S.E., Loftus, E.F., & Tanur, J.M. (1985). Cognitive aspects of health surveys for public information and policy. Millbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 63, 598-614. Goodman, J., Greene, E., & Loftus, E.F. (1985). What confuses jurors in complex cases. Trial, November, 65-74. Bell, B.E. & Loftus, E.F. (1985). Vivid persuasion in the courtroom. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 659-664. Camper, P.M. & Loftus, E.F. (1985). The role of psychologists as expert witnesses: No more Daniels in the lions' den. Law and Psychology Review, 9, 1-13. Loftus, E.F. & Schooler, J.W. (1985). Information-Processing Conceptualizations of Human Cognition: Past, present, and future. In B.D. Ruben (Ed.), Information and Behavior (Vol. I, pp. 225-250). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books. 13 EFTA00073082 1986 Schooler, J.W., Gerhard, D., & Loftus, E.F. (1986). Qualities of the unreal. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 12, 171-181. Tousignant, J.P., H