EFTA01136683.pdf

IPI International Peace Institute Report on 2012 Program Activities April 2013 EFTA01136683  2 EFTA01136684  CONTENTS Introduction 5 Programs 6 1. Coping with Crisis 6 2. Humanitarian Affairs 11 3. Middle East 12 4. Africa 13 5. Europe and Central Asia 14 Vienna Office 16 Training Program 17 Impact 19 Publications 24 Outreach 27 Events 27 IPI Publications 30 IPI Website and The Global Observatory 32 IPI Webcasting 35 Annex I: Events 36 Annex II: Global Observatory Articles 46 3 EFTA01136685  4 EFTA01136686 Introduction In 2012, the output of IPI's research programs was comprised of 30 publications, including four book-length projects: a management handbook for UN field missions, an analysis of UN mediation efforts in Myanmar, an English translation of former African Union Chairman Jean Ping's memoir, and an online guide to UN counter-terrorism activities. IPI also completed a compendium of the Middle East peace process to be published by Oxford University Press in 2013. As in previous years, IPI offered its constituents an exceptionally rich and diverse program of events. The Institute hosted more than 125 events at its offices in New York and Vienna, as well as in Istanbul, Luxembourg, and Berlin, and welcomed more than 3,000 participants to its meetings. The events ranged from discreet expert roundtables to ministerial-level meetings such as the biannual Middle East dinner, which hosted in September more than 30 foreign ministers and representatives of international organizations. IPI continued to enhance the impact of its events and publications by increasing its presence on the Internet with its two platforms: the IPI website (redesigned in 2009), which now features live webcasting of all public events; and the Global Observatory (launched in 2011), where program staff published 135 analyses over the past year. The number of visits to both sites reached 185,000 by the end of the year,—almost twice as many as in 2010—with visitors from all parts of the world. In addition to its existing projects and programs, IPI launched in 2012 several new activities. The Institute is reviving its training activities and started a new summer course for mid-level diplomats. A pilot five-day session took place in July at Greentree Estate, and the course will officially be launched in 2013 if IPI receives additional funding. IPI also launched a new humanitarian affairs program, as well as a new series of events on women, peace, and security. Another notable achievement in 2012 was IPI's efforts to initiate new activities in the field and to better connect discussions in New York or Vienna with local realities. Since 2011 IPI has sponsored the development of the Forum for Arab Citizenship in Transition (FACT), an informal network of civil-society leaders in Egypt and Tunisia. With IPI's support and in cooperation with UN Women, FACT conducted in 2012 its first research and dialogue project on the constitution processes and equal rights for women. The Middle East program conducted a field study of youth in the Arab world, and the "Peace without Crime" project, led by the Vienna office, included case studies in Western Africa, Haiti, and Kosovo. 5 EFTA01136687 Programs 1. Coping with Crisis In 2012, the Coping with Crisis (CWC) program completed its seventh year of activities. Since the program began, CWC has generated analyses, policy ideas, and recommendations on how to strengthen the capacity of the United Nations, regional and subregional organizations, and their member states to address the challenges of conflict, instability, and insecurity. In 2012, the CWC program continued to 1) provide analysis of threats to international peace and security, and tools for response; 2) offer a platform for decision makers to engage and build consensus on strategies to enhance the capacity of multilateral bodies to respond to those threats; and 3) support policy processes in the UN and member states' governments. To complement these activities, the program has continued to develop visual presentations that use maps, data, and graphics to present the program's research on security and socioeconomic challenges, regionally and globally. Fifteen presentations were given in 2012 to a broad range of audiences in New York, including diplomatic officials, members of parliaments, UN staff, civil society organizations, and students. Conflict Prevention In collaboration with UNDP's Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery and USAID's Office of Conflict Management and Mitigation, IPI's project on "Innovative Technology and Conflict Prevention" is looking at how new technologies, such as text messaging, social media, crowd- sourcing data, and mapping, can be put to the service of conflict prevention. The project consists of five cases studies addressing (1) criminal violence (Latin America), (2) repressive environments (Kyrgyzstan), (3) conflict (Sudan), (4) long-term prevention and early warning (Kenya), and (5) the potential of "big data" for conflict prevention. In June, the project convened a meeting for a group of twenty-five experts in conflict prevention and new technologies, who provided comments on the project concept and suggestions for the case studies' terms of reference. The cases have been commissioned and will be published in 2013. In late 2011, IPI launched a cycle of four seminars called the International Expert Forum (IEF) in collaboration with the Folke Bernadotte Academy, the SecDev Group, and the Social Science Research Council. The seminars assemble insights from practitioners and scholars from the North and South across the entire conflict cycle, from conflict prevention to postconflict peacebuilding. They provide an opportunity to take stock of the latest research and emerging practices from the field with a view to expanding knowledge, honing skills, and improving methods of practice. The target audience includes senior decision makers and practitioners working on the frontlines within the UN system. In June 2012 the second seminar was convened and a meeting report was then published on the theme of "Mitigating the Consequences of 6 EFTA01136688 Violent Conflict." The third International Expert Forum took place in December 2012 and focused on the role of peace operations in preventing and addressing causes of conflict. CWC also completed an edited volume entitled Responding to Genocide: The Politics of International Action, to be published in 2013. The book provides policymakers, analysts, and academics with a practical assessment of the political challenges faced by international organizations, nation states, and civil society groups as they seek to prevent or detect and stop mass atrocities. Mediation In early 2012, CWC published a comprehensive policy paper examining the UN's experiences in five cases of unconstitutional changes in government between 2008 and 2011: Kenya, Mauritania, Guinea, Madagascar, and Kyrgyzstan. While the United Nations has extensive experience in helping to mediate an end to civil wars and implement peace agreements, its experience with non-civil-war transition crises is comparatively limited and less analyzed. With this study, IPI aimed to fill that gap. The cases suggest that the use of power-sharing mechanisms to resolve either unconstitutional ousters of elected presidents or electoral disputes raises questions for legitimacy, democracy, and state-society relations. The cases also reveal the UN's often-remarkable ability to work collaboratively and effectively with regional and subregional organizations in mediation efforts. Continuing this exploration of the UN's role in mediation, IPI started investigating cases to produce recommendations for strengthening and professionalizing UN good offices and mediation. The first case study, published in November 2012, is an analysis of the 20 years of good offices in Myanmar, one of the longest such diplomatic efforts in the history of the organization. With Myanmar now in the midst of major political, economic, and social reforms, and questions invariably being raised about the future of those "offices," this book-length paper offers a timely opportunity to revisit the history and achievements of the past 20 years of mediation efforts. Peace Operations CWC's work on peace operations continued focusing on the issue of management, and also began new projects on the challenges for the UN in generating sufficient, high-quality military and police capabilities for its peace operations. In August 2012, IPI released the first peacekeeping handbook devoted to strengthening the management performance of the UN's field missions: The Management Handbook for UN Field Missions. The handbook was launched at an October event in New York, and with assistance from the UN, the handbook has been disseminated to all United Nations peacekeeping, peacebuilding, and political missions. A French-language version of the handbook, made possible with funding from the Government of Canada, is nearing completion and will be disseminated in 2013. 7 EFTA01136689 On the topic of force generation, IPI was commissioned jointly by the UN's Department of Peacekeeping Operations' (DPKO) Office of Military Affairs and Division for Policy, Evaluation and Training to undertake two important studies. The first study fulfilled a request of the UN Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations (C-34) for an independent assessment of the effectiveness of the UN's Standby Arrangements System, created by DPKO in 1993. IPI's recommendations on re-envisioning the Standby Arrangements System to make it a more effective tool for the Secretariat were subsequently presented in a briefing to members of the C- 34, and some are currently in the process of implementation. A second, broader study was then commissioned to assess and provide recommendations on improving the UN's system of generating police and military capabilities for its missions. With the goal of assisting in strategic force generation, IPI developed the Providing for Peacekeeping Project (PPP), for which the Institute created a network of intemational researchers to generate and disseminate new knowledge about UN member states and their approach to UN peacekeeping. The aim of the research is to broaden the base of troop- and police-contributing countries (TCC/PCCs), improve the quality of troop and police contributions, and fill key capability gaps. The initiative was launched at an IPI meeting with key DPKO staff and researchers in February. The project's first draft report, "Broadening the Base of United Nations Troop- and Police-Contributing Countries," was published in August 2012. Thematic reports such as this will be featured on the project's website, along with a robust database of the history of troop and police contributions to the UN, as well as country-specific profiles of UN TCC/PCCs. IPI also continued its Being a Peacekeeper Series, organized since 2010 in partnership with the Pearson Centre (Canada). The series gathers senior government officials of countries within a specific region to share lessons and discuss ways of enhancing the region's participation in UN peacekeeping. It also facilitates outreach from the UN Secretariat to troop- and police- contributing countries (TCCs). In 2012 the series focused on current and potential European TCCs, culminating in a roundtable in Berlin attended by senior officials from 16 European countries and joined by a UN DPKO delegation led by the Under-Secretary-General, Nerve Ladsous. IPI convened multiple ad hoc workshops and roundtables on peace operations topics, such as the protection of civilians, UN command and control, and peacekeeping transitions. IPI's peace operations experts produced country-specific policy papers and reports for external publications on peacekeeping issues in Burundi, Chad and the Central African Republic, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Peacebuilding CWC's work on peacebuilding provides policy support to partners in their efforts to improve interventions in postconflict countries. It focuses specifically on providing direct support to the UN Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) and Peacebuilding Support Office (PBSO) by facilitating informal dialogue among member states and UN officials on peacebuilding issues, and by supporting ongoing policy development within the UN system. Throughout the year, IPI staff 8 EFTA01136690 were routinely sought out by UN member states for advice on the challenges facing the peacebuilding architecture. IPI also partnered with Permanent Missions of Burundi and Switzerland (the chair of the Burundi configuration at the PBC) to the UN to organize a high level roundtable on Burundi's peacebuilding strategy in October. The roundtable offered Burundi an opportunity to present its new strategy and update its development partners before a subsequent donors' conference. State Fragility In 2012, IPI cooperated with the International Dialogue on Peacebuilding and Statebuilding, comprised of the g7+ group of 19 fragile and conflict-affected countries, development partners, and international organizations. Following the launch of the New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States (2012-2015) in Busan, Korea, IPI advised and supported bilateral donors, the UN system, the OECD, and the g7+ as they started the process of implementing the New Deal commitments in 2012. In January 2012, IPI partnered with UNDP's Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery to host the first discussion of the New Deal in New York, a half-day policy dialogue with UN actors and member states. IPI provided advice to the Secretariat of the g7+, and was asked to help convene a meeting intended to support the efforts of the g7+ to speak with a common voice within UN circles. An IPI study on Aid Effectiveness in Fragile States, which highlighted the use of transition compacts and their impact on mutual accountability in particular country situations (Afghanistan, Iraq, Liberia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Timor-Leste), drew substantial attention in the UN policy community. A secondment arrangement with USAID provided a unique opportunity to share ideas developed through IPI research and analysis with the US administration and to enrich IPI's work through the contributions of a USAID fellow. The fellow produced a policy paper on the correlations between organized crime, conflict, and fragility, which argued that organized crime does not merely undermine the strength of the state in conflict-affected and fragile contexts; it further impacts the critical and often contested relationship between the state and society. Rule of Law, Peace, and Justice In the first half of 2012, IPI twice hosted then ICC Prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo for private roundtable discussions as well as public policy forums that addressed the question of peace and justice and the difficult issue of enforcing ICC arrest warrants. IPI also partnered with the Mission of Liechtenstein to the UN to explore challenges and opportunities in the relationship between the Security Council and the ICC. The roundtable meeting, which also included a high-level lunchtime discussion featuring newly elected ICC Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda, was held in November. It analyzed how the process of referring situations to the ICC by the Security Council can be improved and how the Security Council and other actors can better support the ICC once a situation has been referred to it. An action-oriented meeting note was published in 2012. 9 EFTA01136691 IPI also provided input to and commentary on the policy debate leading up to the adoption of a High-Level Declaration on the Rule of Law through Global Observatory analyses and an issue brief entitled "Advancing the Rule of Law Agenda at the 67th General Assembly." UN Security Council and Civil Wars CWC's Security Council Compliance Project is a multiyear quantitative research project aimed at assessing the council's performance in civil wars after the Cold War. The findings of this project aim to improve understanding of the factors that influence the Security Council's work, its interaction with conflict parties, and these parties' calculations on settling or continuing conflicts. Analysis rests on the IPI Security Council Compliance Database, a "large-n" database of all Security Council resolutions addressing civil wars from 1989-2006, with both intervening and explanatory contextual factors, and compliance scores based on a rigorous coding methodology developed by the project and some 6,000 pages of source documentation on the Security Council's civil-war-management efforts. In September, IPI published the full database online, as well as a data visualization portal and the full project methodology. Transnational Organized Crime IPI's project on transnational organized crime (TOC) focuses on developing more effective multilateral responses to TOC and the new threats it poses, most notably in conflict zones and fragile states. In 2012, CWC's work on TOC proceeded along two tracks: 1) International Law-Enforcement Cooperation. In 2010 and 2011, IPI provided the nonpartisan environment and expertise to host meetings of top international law- enforcement experts and practitioners. Here, they considered proposals for new strategies to reshape global law-enforcement cooperation to make it more effective in countering transnational organized crime. Building on these activities, a meeting with the full network of international experts was held in New York in February 2012, and a meeting report and the "founding document" of the network were produced and distributed. The network met again in New York in July 2012, and a report on the outcome of the meeting with proposals and recommendations was produced. 2) Cybercrime and Cyber Security. IPI held a panel discussion on cybercrime and cyber security titled "Viruses, Botnets, and Logicbombs: Defining the International Cyber Threat." The seminar, which took a nontechnical look into the world of malware, aimed to enhance knowledge on the topic within the UN community. IPI has also published an issue brief on the meeting. Global Counterterrorism Over the past decade, the UN's work to combat global terrorism has expanded dramatically. Through the initiatives of the General Assembly and Security Council, a complex institutional architecture has been formed that draws on the expertise of a range of UN entities and brings a new series of actors into the focus of counterterrorism work. In this context, in 2012 IPI 10 EFTA01136692 published an online, book-length report, which provides a comprehensive guide to the United Nation's counterterrorism activities. Climate Change and Security CWC's work on climate change and security seeks to provide support to policymakers through research and convening on a variety of issues related to environmental change and resource scarcity. Ahead of the UN Conference on Sustainable Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June (Rio+20), IPI published a meeting report entitled "Strengthening International Environmental Governance: Exploring System-wide Responses." The report was the result of a meeting that aimed to stimulate informal discussions on strengthening multilateral environmental governance with reforms of the UN framework. In October, the Climate and Security project, in conjunction with the Humanitarian Affairs program, co-hosted a roundtable on "Migrants in Times of Crisis." The event was part of the International Dialogue on Migration, the International Organization for Migration's principal forum for migration policy dialogue since 2001. The IPI event provided an opportunity for multi- stakeholder, informal discussions on current issues surrounding international migration. A meeting report was also published. 2. Humanitarian Affairs In 2012, IPI further developed its new program dedicated to humanitarian affairs, launched in 2011. The core objective of the Humanitarian Affairs program is to provide a platform in New York dedicated to fostering knowledge and discussion on how best to adapt the international humanitarian system to changing global realities. Following the publication in November 2012 of a policy paper entitled "Rethinking Humanitarianism: Adapting to 21" Century Challenges," IPI intends to build on some of the paper's key conclusions to advance policy debate and reforms. The paper was presented to the Humanitarian Liaison Working Group, a group of 35 states and humanitarian agencies, in December 2012, and was discussed with the broader diplomatic and humanitarian community at a larger event in February 2013. Another feature of IPI's program is the Humanitarian Affairs Series, which, along the lines of IPI's well-established SRSG Series, offers a platform for UN Humanitarian Coordinators and other senior humanitarian practitioners to meet and engage with the UN and diplomatic community in New York. Launched in September 2012, this event series has featured humanitarian coordinators for Afghanistan and for the Sahel. IPI has also gained visibility in the humanitarian affairs field by co-organizing events on issues such as "humanitarian negotiations and access" with Medecins Sans Frontieres, "migration in times of crisis" with the International Organization for Migration, and "children and armed conflict," a topic on which IPI also published an issue brief, with the Belgian Mission and Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict. IPI has participated in the Groups of Friends of Children and Armed Conflict meetings, and has been invited to participate in an Arria formula 11 EFTA01136693 meeting of the Security Council on how to increase pressure on persistent perpetrators of violations against children. 3. Middle East In 2012, the Middle East Program's policy facilitation work was conducted primarily through its biannual ministerial meetings on the situation in the Middle East, co-organized with Luxembourg and the United Arab Emirates, with foreign ministers from the region and from Europe. IPI's President also conducted policy facilitation through meetings held in New York and the Middle East over the course of the year. For the third consecutive year, IPI co-organized a thematic Security Council retreat in Istanbul funded by the government of Turkey in May 2012. The 2012 retreat focused on "The Middle East and North Africa: New Political Realities." It examined the catalysts for the Arab uprisings, the future prospects for the countries where the uprisings occurred, and the responses of local, regional, and international actors. A major accomplishment of the program was completing its central research project, a Middle East Peace Process compendium entitled The Quest for Peace — An Oxford Companion to the Middle East Peace Process, to be published by Oxford University Press in 2013. With the compendium, IPI aims to provide a guide to the peace process in an accessible format and a toolbox of options for forward movement on the peace process for policymakers, academics, and laypersons alike. Over the course of the year, the program also enhanced its research component with three projects related to the Arab Spring: the Forum for Arab Citizenship in Transition, Arab Intellectuals Series, and Arab Youth Project. Forum for Arab Citizenship in Transition (FACT) The Forum for Arab Citizenship in Transition (FACT) is a series of informal gatherings through which Arab women and men civil society leaders exchange knowledge, experiences, and initiatives aimed at enhancing their capacities to participate as equal citizens in the democratic consolidation taking place in some parts of the MENA region in the wake of the Arab uprisings. The project is part of an ongoing collaboration between IPI and UN Women, whose Arab region programme focuses on Women, citizenship, and participation. In 2012 FACT launched a research project on Gender and the Constitution in Egypt and Tunisia, with particular attention to the writing process and its impact on equal citizenship. For Tunisia, the research report has been completed in Arabic and translated into English. A parallel report is being finalized in Egypt. Both reports include an inventory of the different proposals for engendering the constitutional drafts being constructed in Egypt and Tunisia. These reports also contain an analysis of the extent to which these proposals have been taken into account by the relevant drafting committees; an identification of the remaining gaps and challenges ahead; and 12 EFTA01136694 finally policy recommendations for addressing those gaps/challenges. In Tunisia some of the report's recommendations have already been shared with civil society advocates who brought them in September 2012 to the attention of members of the Constituent National Assembly. The lead researcher, a constitutional expert, has also used these recommendations in her public appearances. Arab Intellectuals Series The Arab Intellectuals Series provides a platform for writers and freethinkers from the Arab world to share their unique perspectives with the UN community at a crucial time in their history. In 2012, the series featured Jamal Benomar, the UN Special Representative of the Secretary- General (SRSG) for Yemen; Samar Yazbek, a Syrian writer; and Bassma Kodmani, Syrian academic and former spokesperson for the Syrian National Council. In December 2012 the series will feature Abdul-Kareem al-Eriany, head of the Yemeni National Dialogue Committee. Arab Youth Project IPI's Arab Youth Project is a field-based research project that aims to provide policymakers with insights into the priorities of youth activists and their role as influencers within the Arab world's new political landscape. The first phase of the project focuses on the youth of Egypt and Tunisia—the standard bearers of the new Middle East whose success or failure will set the pattern for the region. In July and September 2012, IPI undertook fieldwork in Egypt and Tunisia to conduct more than 60 interviews with youth politicians and civil society activists. Initial findings have been disseminated with policy forums and talks at the UN Department of Political Affairs and at the UN Development Programme (UNDP), both of which expressed a particular interest in the project outcome, as well as at New York University and Columbia University. The research will be published in 2013. The program has also brought youth leaders from the Arab world to IPI to engage with the UN community. 4. Africa In 2012, the Africa Program renewed its partnership with the Africa Union (AU). In March, an IPI delegation traveled to AU headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to negotiate a new memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the AU. The new cooperation agreement identifies two main capacity-building priorities on which IPI will support the AU Commission: peace and security threats in the Sahel-Sahara region and the Gulf of Guinea, and the collaboration between the UN Security Council and the AU Peace and Security Council. In addition, the new MoU plans for additional publications and dissemination strategies, and for communications and website cooperation. In implementing the new MoU, IPI commissioned a research paper from the Mauritania-based think tank, the Centre for Strategies and Security in the Sahel-Sahara Region (Centre 4S), which examines the national and regional security threats in the Sahel-Sahara region; provides an overview of the various responses to address these threats; and further assesses these responses in light of their implications for local ownership and regional leadership. The research 13 EFTA01136695 paper fed into a roundtable discussion on "Peace and Security Threats in the Sahel-Sahara Region: Assessing the Response, Devising the Way Forward," convened by IPI in September. IPI also produced a research paper on AU-UN peacekeeping and the partnership between the UN Security Council and the AU Peace and Security Council. In August, IPI published the English translation of former AU chairperson Jean Ping's memoir, And Africa Will Shine Forth. The book provides reflections on the history of Africa since independence and a critique of Africa's relations with the rest of the world. It calls for greater attention to the demands of statebuilding and regional integration as a way to a brighter future for the continent. In support of the AU Panel of the Wise, IPI prepared the publication of the panel's report on "Impunity, Justice, and National Reconciliation in Africa." IPI hosted one African Leaders Series event at its Trygve Lie Center in September, on the margins of the opening of the UN General Assembly. The high-level event featured Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, who presented on the role women in Liberia played in laying the foundations for sustainable peace and their invaluable contributions as meaningful actors in peace processes in the region. As part of its continuing strategy to raise the visibility of African issues in the UN community in New York, inform the debate, and promote understanding of critical issues in Africa, IPI convened eight expert roundtables and policy forums with various departments and agencies in the UN, permanent missions to the United Nations and the donor community. Thematic issues discussed at the events covered conflict prevention and the role of early- warning and response mechanisms, citizenship and conflict in Africa, and AU-EU-UN cooperation in peacekeeping transitions. Other topics discussed at events included the protection of children from the Ugandan Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), the challenges facing Sudan and South Sudan following South Sudan's independence, the opportunities and challenges facing post-transition Somalia, and the situation in Mozambique twenty years after the General Peace Agreement signed in Rome in 1992. 5. Europe and Central Asia In 2012, the Europe and Central Asia programme carried out work, funded by the Government of Switzerland, on lessons learned from displacement in the Balkans. In May, it hosted an informal workshop that brought together senior government representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia to reflect on the process of finding regional solutions to the problem of forced displacement in the Western Balkans. This resulted in the publication "Rebuilding Lives: Regional Solutions to Displacement in the Western Balkans," which, by listing the Balkans' factors of success, hopes to inspire other regions of the world to follow its example. 14 EFTA01136696 In June, IPI's Vienna office, with the support and cooperation of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Defense and Sports, brought together experts from the private sector, intergovernmental organizations, think tanks, and the Austrian government to exchange views on strategic forecasting, with a special focus on Central Asia. An IPI strategic forecast of Central Asia will be published in 2013. IPI continues to promote confidence- and security-building measures (CBMs) in Europe and Central Asia. It hosted the launch of a new OSCE Guide on Non-Military CBMs and is exploring how such measures could be applied in Cyprus, Kosovo, and Moldova as part of a new project entitled "Breaking the Ice: New Approaches to Frozen Conflicts in the OSCE Area," which is described in detail in IPI's 2013 core proposal. 15 EFTA01136697 Vienna Office In its second full year of operations, the IPI Vienna Office continued its work on conflict prevention (particularly in Europe and Central Asia), and organized crime (through the Peace without Crime project), and added a third pillar to its work—energy security. The 2012 Vienna Seminar was entitled "The Uprisings: The Future of North Africa and the Middle East." This 42nd annual seminar focused on vulnerabilities and triggers behind the uprisings and regional and international responses. It examined what had changed in the year since the uprisings, current events (like the crises in Libya and Syria), and future prospects. The event was attended by over 100 participants including senior government officials from the region, representatives of the diplomatic corps, experts from think tanks, journalists, and students. In 2012, the Peace without Crime project on transnational organized crime published a guide to analyzing organized crime in fragile states entitled Spotting the Spoilers. Discussions on the guide were held in Bern, Geneva, Oslo and Vienna, and a training course using the guide was held at the Austrian Center for Peace and Conflict Resolution. Furthermore, case studies on the impact of organized crime on peace operations were carried out in Haiti, Guinea-Bissau and Kosovo. Research was also done on how the UN deals with organized crime in theatres where it does not have peace operations. Preliminary findings were presented at the International Forum for the Challenges of Peace Operations in Geneva. The final report and recommendations of the Peace without Crime project will be released by IPI in 2013. The Vienna Office also increased its activities in relation to humanitarian affairs. In addition to its long-standing support of the HOPEFOR initiative on the more effective use of military and defence assets for disaster relief, the Vienna Office hosted a meeting on lessons learned from displacement in the Western Balkans, it chaired a meeting (co-hosted by Switzerland and Norway) on the Nansen Initiative on disaster induced cross border displacement, and it took part in the inaugural meeting of the Consultative Committee of the Nansen Initiative in Geneva. Furthermore, the Vienna Office held discussions in Astana and Almaty (Kazakhstan) to promote regional cooperation for disaster preparedness and relief in Central Asia. In 2012, the Vienna Office finalized plans to launch a new Task Force on Energy and Security. Consistent with the methodology used for previous IPI Task Forces on Strengthening Multilateral Security Capacity, the Task Force on Energy and Security will involve experts from multilateral organizations, UN Member States, the private sector, and civil society (particularly think tanks and academia). In a series of meetings over two years, the Task Force will examine the inter-relationship between energy and security, focusing on specific case studies where energy is a potential source of conflict (such as West Africa; the Arctic; the Mediterranean, Middle East and North Africa; Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Caspian; and Sudan), and propose recommendations for improving multi-lateral cooperation in this field. The Task Force was officially launched at the World Future Energy Summit in Abu Dhabi on January 16, 2013. 16 EFTA01136698 Training Program In 2012, IPI held a pilot session of the Advanced Training Course on Diplomacy, Negotiation, and Conflict Resolution, a new professional development opportunity for member state representatives. The course proved to be very successful and complemented IPI's program of expert roundtables and seminars on policy issues related to the UN and topics related to IPI's policy research. Based on the positive results of 2012, IPI is currently fundraising to launch a more complete school of diplomacy in 2013. In addition, when funding becomes available, IPI plans to increase fellowship opportunities and to propose customized, in-capital training courses to its donors and partners. Advanced Training Course on Diplomacy, Negotiation, and Conflict Resolution In July IPI held its first five-day Advanced Training Course on Diplomacy, Negotiation and Conflict Resolution (as a pilot course) at Greentree Estate in Long Island. Seventeen mid-level diplomats (two from capitals and fifteen from permanent missions to the UN), representing Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Middle East, participated. The course effectively combined theory and practice to meet its twofold objectives of 1) deepening participants' insights and knowledge regarding contemporary conflicts and crises, and best practices in prevention, mediation and negotiation; and 2) developing practical skills, such as negotiation techniques, effective public speaking, and creating visual presentations. Diplomats had the opportunity to engage with leading experts on theory and best practice in conflict analysis, mediation and negotiation, and relate the theory to practical challenges in today's international system, especially in North Africa, the Middle East and South Asia. The global diversity of participants and the networking opportunity enriched the overall course experience. Based on evaluations and feedback, the course had a positive impact on professional skills development in the areas of negotiations, public speaking, and developing visual presentations. The mid-July timeframe attracted participants deeply immersed in current multilateral issues at the United Nations, who were ready for an intellectually challenging and interactive course that deepened their insights, broadened their perspective on the tools of the United Nation System, and honed their individual diplomatic skills. Visiting Fellowship From June to September IPI hosted a visiting fellow on sabbatical from the United Nations system, who conducted research on security in fragile states with a focus on Mali. New York Seminar Bringing together representatives of 40 states and international organizations, as well as independent experts and academics, IPI focused its 171" annual New York Seminar, which took place in April 2012, on political transitions in the Middle East. The seminar, which receives funding from the Government of Finland, as well as from the 17 EFTA01136699 broader contributions of Sweden and Norway, deepened the expertise of participants on this critical policy issue and provided them with an opportunity to develop their professional relationships. Transitions in Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, Yemen and Syria were covered as individual case studies. The transitions were also analyzed from a comparative perspective via assessments of democratic transitions in Latin America and Southeast Asia. A new element, which was well received, was a hands-on negotiations exercise. A policy report, including the discussions at the seminar and additional research, entitled 'Managing Transitions in the Arab World," was published in summer 2012. 18 EFTA01136700 Impact This section details the results of IPI's efforts to evaluate the direct impact of its 2012 activities, which aimed to support policymakers by producing analysis and ideas, and facilitating dialogue, on international peace and security issues. IPI uses the following five indicators to track and measure the intended impact of its activities: • Requests by the United Nations and member states for IPI to partner on initiatives that support the priority issues on their agendas. • Evidence that policy analysis and policy recommendations generated by IPI have been useful in informing the work of the UN and member states. • Cases where the UN, member states, and the media have solicited and relied on the knowledge and expertise of IPI staff. • Demand for IPI to convene meetings to promote a better understanding of an issue or to facilitate political consensus. • Ability to reach increasingly broad and diverse audiences through the dissemination of IPI's research, policy analysis, and meeting outcomes. Below is a compilation of illustrations of IPI's impact in 2012, organized in these defined categories. 1) Partnerships Requests by the United Nations and member states for IPI to provide input to initiatives that advance the priority issues on their agendas • IPI was approached by the UN Department for Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) in 2012 to submit an evaluation with recommendations on the UN Standby Arrangements System (UNSAS). This project was undertaken from January to March 2012. IPI's recommendations were positively received and are still under consideration by UN senior management. At a meeting in February 2012, DPKO reported the preliminary findings of IPI's review of the UNSAS and informed member states of IPI's recommendations. • During a visit by IPI's Africa Program to the African Union headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in March 2012, the AU requested IPI's support and collaboration in working on the thematic issue of peace and security threats in the Sahel-Sahara. In September, IPI convened a roundtable discussion on the topic, and then prepared a meeting brief, which was widely distributed and shared with the AU Peace and Security Department in Addis Ababa. IPI is carrying out additional activities on the Sahel-Sahara in 2013. 19 EFTA01136701 2) Policy Support and Capacity Building Evidence that policy analysis and policy recommendations generated by !PI have been useful in informing the work of the UN and member states, governments, and organizational partners— assisting them in better understanding issues and achieving their objectives • In collaboration with the UN and the OECD International Network on Conflict and Fragility, IPI conducted a study on UN experiences with transition compacts, based on case studies of the UN's role in developing and implementing compacts in Afghanistan, Iraq, Liberia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Timor-Leste. The research was later published as an IPI policy paper in 2012. The following give indications of the impact of the study on the work of the UN and the OECD: o Findings from the study were referenced by members of the International Dialogue and UN senior officials in discussions during the final negotiations of the New Deal for Engagement for Fragile States, endorsed in Busan, Korea, in November 2011. o It has been indicated to IPI that the study influenced the decision to incorporate support for transition compacts as one of the elements in the UN Secretary-General's five-year action agenda for the United Nations. o Findings were incorporated into the OECD DAC guidelines on "Intemational Support to Post-Conflict Transition: Rethinking Policy, Changing Practice," issued in March 2012. o The study informed discussions on establishing a transition compact for South Sudan, as well as ongoing discussions with Chad. The OECD Secretariat indicated that it used the findings from the IPI study as the basis for some of its recommendations to the UN regarding the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS). o The report prompted an invitation to IPI to present the case studies at the July 2012 ECOSOC/DESA Biennial Development Cooperation Forum. • IPI's 2012 publication, The Management Handbook for UN Field Missions, is the first peacekeeping handbook fully devoted to management issues, in support of the Secretary- General's priority of management reform. The book aims to provide a useful, accessible guide to the techniques of management for mission personnel at multiple levels and includes a foreword by the Under-Secretaries-General of Peacekeeping, Field Support, and Political Affairs that encourages a wide read by those engaged in field operations. • The Middle East program has produced a compendium, The Quest for Peace — An Oxford Companion to the Middle East Peace Process, edited by IPI President Terje Rod-Larsen and Senior Policy Analyst Nur Laiq, which will be published by Oxford University Press in 2013, just ahead of the 20th anniversary of the Oslo Accords. The goal is to provide both the specialist and the layman, from statesmen and negotiators to journalists and students, with access to primary source documents, as well as to use the documents themselves to tell the complex story of the search for peace in the Middle East. 20 EFTA01136702 3) Analytical Resource Cases where the UN and member states, as well as the media, have solicited and relied on the knowledge and expertise of IPI staff • IPI President Terje Rod-Larsen, who serves concurrently as the UN Secretary-General's Special Envoy for Security Council Resolution 1559, continuously engages in consultations with leaders in the region and the UN Secretary-General on Middle East issues. His deep involvement in matters in the region places him in high demand to provide insight to governments and the media, and to give lectures and participate in seminars and conferences. • Former IPI Senior Fellow and former Permanent Representative of Yemen to the UN Abdullah Alsaidi was regularly quoted in press articles on the Arab Spring, particularly regarding Yemen, by major news outlets such as the New York Times and Reuters. He was often requested to meet with high-level visitors on the occasions of their visits to New York. In 2011 and 2012 these included meetings with the head of the MENA Division in the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a German minister, and the Danish Foreign Policy Committee. Abdullah Alsaidi visited Oslo for consultations at the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2012, and traveled to Berlin, Istanbul, Singapore, and Jakarta to meet with officials and speak at seminars. • In June 2012, the US State Department invited IPI Managing Director Francois Carrel- Billiard to give a presentation at a seminar on the occasion of the Third P5 Conference on the implementation of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, hosted by Under Secretary of State Rose Gottemoeller. • Youssef Mahmoud, IPI Senior Adviser, was invited to participate in the Third AU High-Level Retreat of Special Envoys and Mediators held in Cairo, Egypt, from November 4-6,2012, where he presented on "Africa 360°: An Overview of 21 Century Conflict Trends, Dynamics, and Challenges." • IPI Senior Policy Analyst on Humanitarian Affairs Jerdmie Labbe was invited by the UN Offi