EFTA02543220.pdf

From: Jeffrey Epstein <jeevacation@gmail.com> Sent: Tuesday, August 16, 2011 7:00 PM To: Subject: Re: FW: Epidermal Electronics and Electronic Second Skin what will happen , vs balmer.? 2011/8/16= <mailto: > steve is great. -) From: Jeffrey Eps=ein [jeevacatio=@gmail.com <mailto:jeevacation@gmail.com> J Sent: Tuesda , Au ust 16, 2011 2:03 AM To: Subject: Re: FW: Epidermal Electronics and Electronic Second Skin I read it and loved the idea how is it going with=steve 2011/8/16 «= href="mailto target="_blank' =C2 From: Sent: Monday, Au ust 15, 2011 9:06 PM To: Bill Gates <mailto >) Cc: Boris Nikolic (BGC3) <mailtol > ); Lowell Wood Subject: Epidermal Electronics and Electronic Second Skin Importance: Low Pretty=neat — I'm not sure if you've seen this. There =re a couple of areas where further development is needed...RF commun=cation frequencies change when the circuits are stretched, and dead skin a=d sweat have to be dealt with during long-term use. These aren't insurmountable complications, though. =/u> EFTA_R1_01694588 EFTA02543220  Am att=ching two related papers. Both from Science today. One describes in more detail the "elec=ronic second skin" and the other about "epidermal electron=cs." The au=hors acknowledge medical applications but they seem most interested in mak=ng this into game controllers. :) Tem=orary tattoos fitted with electronics make flexible, ultrathin sensorsc=u> By Kyle Niemeyer Modern=methods of measuring the body's activity, such as electroencephalograp=y (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and electromyography (EMG), use electr=cal signals to measure changes in brain, heart, and muscle activity, respectively. Unfortunately, they rely on bulk= and uncomfortable electrodes that are mounted using adhesive tape and con=uctive gel—or even needles. Because of this, these types of measur=ments are limited to research and hospital settings and typically used over short periods of time because the contact= can irritate skin. These =imitations may be at an end, however. New research published in Science describes technology that allows electrical measurements (an= other measurements, such as temperature and strain) using ultra-thin poly=ers with embedded circuit elements. These devices connect to skin without =dhesives, are practically unnoticeable, and can even be attached via temporary tattoo. All of=the necessary components of the devices, including electrodes, electronic =omponents, sensors, radio frequency communication components, and power su=plies, are set within an extremely thin (about 30 µm) elastic polyester sheet. The sheet has a low elast=c modulus (that is, it's flexible) and no noticeable mass (about 0.09 .), so you have a lightweight, stretchable membrane. Circui= elements (such as transistors, diodes, resistors) and sensors are constru=ted with typical materials like silicon and gallium arsenide, but are link=d using nanoribbon and micro/nanomembrane elements to allow extremely small but flexible designs. The au=hors refer to their approach as an "epidermal electronic system"=(EES), which is basically a fancy way of saying that the device matches th= physical properties of the skin (such as stiffness), and its thickness matches that of skin features (wrinkles, cre=ses, etc.). In fact, it adheres to skin only using van der Waals forces =80 the forces of attraction between atoms and molecules—so no ad=esive material is required. Between the flexibility and the lack of adhesive, you wouldn't really notice one of these =ttached. One of=the coolest aspects of this technology is the application method: temporar= (transfer) tattoo. Yes, the ones you used as a kid, where you hold the tr=nsfer sheet with the design onto your skin then dampen it to dissolve the sheet. Here, they used water-solu=le polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sheets in the same manner. For a =ower supply, initial designs used silicon photovoltaic cells to generate e=ectricity, but these are limited to microwatts due to the small area. Rese=rchers also explored wireless inductive power, where an external transmission coil matches the resonance frequency=of a small inductive coil in the device (it's the same sort of tech th=t's used in wireless device chargers). This opens up the door for appl=cations that need more power than solar can provide, or for devices that work in low-light conditions (under cloth=ng, for example). The authors also suggest future electrical storage using=capacitors or batteries. 2 EFTA_R1_01694589 EFTA02543221  As dem=nstrations, the authors used their devices to measure heartbeats on the ch=st (ECG), muscle contractions in the leg (EMG), and alpha waves through th= forehead (EEG). The results were all high quality, comparing well against traditional electrode/conductive =el measurements in the same locations. In addition, the devices continuous=y captured data for six hours, and the devices could be worn for a full 24=hours without any degradation or skin irritation. One in=eresting demonstration that also suggests future applications was the meas=ring of throat muscle activity during speech. Different words showed disti=ctive signals, and a computer analysis enabled the authors to recognize the vocabulary being used.<=p> The to=m even hooked one of these sensors up to a simple computer game (Sokoban) an= used throat activity as the controller. Identifying each word took about three seconds using a MATLAB program, but=it had a higher than 90 percent accuracy. While the potential videogame ap=lications are endless, you can also think of other areas, such as silent c=mmunications or better voice recognition software. <=p> =b> Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</=> Phone tel:%28206%29%20709-%203643> Skype Email <mailto The information contained in this communication is confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may constitute inside information, and is intended only for the use of the addressee. It is the property of Jeffrey Epstein Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this communication in error, please notify us immediately by return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com <mailto:jeevacation@gmail.com> , and destroy this communication and all copies thereof, including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved * ********** ** ***** **•**,*********•** ********* ** ********** ** 3 EFTA_R1_01694590 EFTA02543222 The information contained in this c=mmunication is confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may constitute inside information, and is intended only for the use of the a=dressee. It is the property of Jeffrey Epstein Unauthorized use, di=closure or copying of this communication or any part thereof is strictl= prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this communication in error, p=ease notify us immediately by return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation@gmail.com, =nd destroy this communication and all copies thereof, including all attachm=nts. copyright -all rights reserved 4 EFTA_R1_01694591 EFTA02543223