EFTA00281336.pdf

Water Parsons The New School for Design School of Constructed Environments Interior Design (AAS) Environmental Design PAID 1028-X1 SP-17 Hikida EFTA00281336 Learning Objectives • At the end of this presentation you should know: • The percentage of the earth's surface that is covered with water. • The percentage of a human being that is composed of water. • The uses of water globally by use group as a percentage. • The uses of water for residential use by percentage. • The US Environmental Protection Act of 1992 (EPAct 1992) flow rates for household plumbing fixtures. EFTA00281337 Questions about water • What do we use water for? • Where does our water come from? • How much water do we use every day? Every year? • How can we reduce our water consumption? • How would you design a space without any plumbing? EFTA00281338  Ill water's formula Water facts: Suit•n23e • Chemical composition: H2O. Its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. • Water is the only pure substancefound naturally in all three states of matter: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or vapor). • Hydrophilic = "water attracting", examples: wood, and paper. • Hydrophobic = "water repelling", example: oil. • Capillary action = "the ability ofa liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of and in opposition to, externalforces like gravity". • Waterfinds its own level. EFTA00281339 71% of the earth's surface is covered with water EFTA00281340 Volumetric representation of earth's water EFTA00281341 The water cycle Volcanic steam Atmosphere Condensation Sublimation 1 Ice and snow Desublimation Evapotranspiration Evaporation t Surface runoff Streamflow epage Oceans U.S. Dept. of the Interior U S Geological Survey John Evans. Howard Pedma n. USGS http r.ga water usgs goviedunovaterc yt le html Groundwater storage EFTA00281342 Where is the earth's water? Surface/other Atmosphere Living things wroauti Freshwater 2.5% freshwater l '2% 3.0% \ 0.26% Rivers 73 0.49% Othersar Swamps, water 0.9% Lak marshes 0.1 20. 2.6% Soil moisture Oceans Ground 3.8% 96.5% ice and Glaciers permafrost and 69.0% ice caps 68.7% Total global Freshwater Surface water and water other freshwater Source: Igor Shiklomanov's chapter "World fresh water resources' in Peter H. Gleick (editor), 1993, Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources. NOTE: Numbers are rounded, so percent summations may not add to 100. EFTA00281343  Consequences of Dehydration 'THIRST Thirst is a uwlul indicator of daily 'MENTAL Dehydration can degrade specific Humans are 61% water fluid requirements. llt*wtursatery. it's not fully reliable since the body is already mildly dehydrated by the time an average person starts to notice 'Anti aspects of cognitive performance includ ing visual inpLance. tension. anxiety. fatigue and vi sual working memory. Dehy. drat ion was also linked to negative mood rat rif, impaired motor performance and [ SKIN Dehydration results in dry skin and wrinkles! KIDNEYS Higher water intake is shown to WATER makes up to 60% DEHYDRATION WEIGHTLOSS Opting for water instead of sugary have a protcctne impact on the drinks can help reduce body kidneys, and there is cabal tirtibt and tat levers According evidence that OW (Chronic to Stookey! just drinking S0O ml Kidney Diane) may be reversers (17 oil of water increases energy related to higher water intake expenditure by 1C0kr Findings in the same study indicate that an A study by Oar et al found • strong absolute increase in drinking protective effect off...dente ei water to toe 11 IN oil/day was preventing kidney stone forma- associated with -2 kg or 5 lbs tion in men.' weight loss over 12 months PHYSICAL Studies have shoat, that the *WATER playS CrlCal *lel. an trans ratan rutnentS and waste modest Friel of dehydration (2% of body mass:. can result in around a 29% decrease in phyu cal perfoimarce levels in tempo I Fr is beaten O' major oceans od haws freWle ate climates and up to a 4O decrease in hot temperatures' • Im•••-• • PO. I 0 ••••••••• • •••••••••• • •••08. •••••••••••••••••••••••••• Yam ••••• •••••• a IS III ...m•••• .1w Somme,. WOWS. •••••L Ma i•InInala EFTA00281344 What do we use water for? Worldwide Agricultural use accounts for 70% of all water consumption Industrial use 20% Domestic use 10% EFTA00281345 The average American uses 176 gallons of water per day compared to 5 gallons of water the average African family uses each day. Gallons 180 7 160 140 120 100 80 z- 60 40 20 American Water Use African Wata Use • Gallons EFTA00281346 T US. . Freshwater Use (2005) Public supply Total freshwater withdrawals in the United States, 2005 44,200 ZUSGS Domestic 3,830 Irrigation 128.000 Livestock 2,140 Aquaculture 8,780 Industrial 17,000 Mining 2,310 Thermoelectric 143,000 I I I I I I I 0 25,000 50.000 75.000 100.000 125.000 150.000 175.000 200.000 225 000 Water withdrawals, in million gallons per day EFTA00281347 Household water using devices • Water closets (toilets) • Urinals • Lavatories (sink faucets) • Shower heads • Bathtub faucets • Kitchen sink faucets • Dishwashers • Clothes washers • Garden hoses EFTA00281348 What do we use water for at home? How Much Water Do We Use? Shower 16216 -- loilet Faucet 15.1% Lamb 13.7% Clothes washer Other 21J% 13% Suirry• AMIRX 11 n WrxkL kaunutm hyrax), fouilvarv, TrudeNxil Ind thrs :flak`.' '999 EFTA00281349  Current U.S. Environmental Protection Act Plumbing Fixture Flow Rates • Water closets (toilets) = 1.6 gallons per flush (gpf) • Urinals = 1.0 gpf • Lavatories (sink faucets) = 2.2 gallons per minute (gpm) at 60 pounds per square inch (psi) • Shower heads = 2.5 gpm at 80 psi • Bathtub faucets = no standard • Kitchen sink faucets = 2.2 gpf at 60 psi • Dishwashers = 4.5 to 6.5 gallons per cycle • Commercial clothes washers = 9.5 gallons per cycle per cubic feet L • Garden hoses = no standard EFTA00281350 Astoria*.Shaded CHAMPION s 4 ELONGATED AturiaiirShisiani BOULEVARD FloWleeno RIGHT HEIGHTTM Style MI liens Sauer RIGHT HEIGHT *" ONE - PIECE TOILET Siyle not .hale • lllll ELONGATED ONE-PIECE TOILET VITREOUS CMS MEWS GINA CNOMPIOT444 ELONGATED RIGHT HEIGHT*, BOULEVARD FloWleisii• RIGHT HEICINT4 OPIE4nECE TOILET ELONGATED ONE4TIECE TOILET 7 2034.014 J 2191.12$ • te r een china • Wigan tin n • Eve•Oosn• eatace tnhbolt me grexch of • LEO (Limey Peron. angel Tolle elan• and odor-caned beeline. mold • WS SIM. le HET die DIM:get, Tode and maiden on In. evince 1.29 spade Lid • toseeenetneten 810189 me . Malls EPA WaserSease--' one. • realism Champion' 4 fluanMg $p111•01 • Cont, bige to a LLED auto , porkontlinCe pinllcrn • Eh:aimed siphon atom bowl et, • e rOft-adj.etege pnen scion hccOceiticdn' SmOCOneed. concealed Varna" rush wdve • MrmeMeaM i" mn samba bare nnn each fue • 16.1/2 rem heel kW «Cosa* aCtokaterts . 88-1/2* n811448 ta atC0SetiO ateleadded • Egon-paled •sphon 300e piled bowl • Ray eUzed rape...ay • 2-38' hay celand rapway • Oneredod 3' Muth vabo wet crameely • Clad,* na, low Mr land Mamma • or. lackey (lush Inted • Chemo tee towe • 7 tell Cain • 2 cola-retched but hdit covers • 10 )0a• 'tamely • leIckroef coke-re:0ml Cuiopiadt Sloe Globe Toad Seal and cow. van concealed NOTInad 0•••••••••••; yam rut and easy 41.01 to. web 75i x 451 • 749rnin enema' a.0 reattateme t he cenanno 429-34' a ti-3er • t342 -1 • 100.. IPClôr) flue 14-480 • Design coordinates wide Shea and roan mis. Seel and surely bi Others Boulevard lavatoriet • 10 yes eleunty on enwe bed. 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OR VP 00 ALP W1 CAPICCIPM GENERAL DESCRIPTION: PRODUCT FEATURES: OttmAsobahst. Opablo bena owwncien Amma, I,. Pm ..arves C:flak B« wire Cattriclges: Aswan a ~n* at Pen ES& Cl000noto. Pram< Ame ~ro rammIce4 ~Pal ncm mo. .NAt ~ne —oree snems enn nedi co -.4449 nifs 84442 gco~ LVB I 5 arm B 14.4m Wn747 rin.v.va PU IM /449444 taAmp Am. 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CC nterie• • latiodet Yowerkted.orn and Pdmie OPERATION • DOA comm., • Levan handle, • WO•ame.,•••1 tempnaturecontiolcd by toubmg IvexIles totaxl wool to well PLOW • Thoueuterdef tutted to IS grin NS UniN wax. • EPsAli ilweoMeadt/d•ItrANEIOZOCIPinChSIANnl •nN. CARTRIDGE • 1214 can...odes*, • lionnteuRd and gadabis steel mantas MOEN STANDARDS • MK, Indy (oohed to AS/AE All 2.1t1KSA 8125.1. and al analluNe, TbreeNamle Tub/Show.. Valve •4•Qu••••tmeots 'evinced therein Models: 82403 NY Ns • ADA 0 toe leaf 1•4•11•414. • MartsWeitiSerile kg UP lax model, • math New Yolk City Leta law Ws S7 IN EP 'NW NNW WARRANTY • Wen limped wanno a9•PnII Islo•dnInEadfinhh defects to the oreoeual (*wove puethate ••••••- • S war wananty it used in commuter a...WON:es aro rs•••••••••••1 CRITICAL DIMENSIONS KRWMIINFORWMONNIAt 14084VANOW On MI ••••••••••••• ll EFTA00281354 Sources • water-2/ • Marble mg • https://water.usgs.gov/edu/earthhowmuch.html • http://www.waterinfo.org/resources/water-facts . • http://www.worldometers.info/water/ • http://www.epa.gov/WaterSense/pubs/indoor.html • EFTA00281355