EFTA01188651.pdf

From: Gregory Brown To: undisclosed-recipients:; Bee: jeevacation@gmail.com Subject: Greg Brown's Weekend Reading and Other Things.... 05/26/2013 Date: Sun, 26 May 2013 17:39:18 +0000 Attachments: Paul ICrugman,_Today's Austerity_Policies Based_OnJA_Mythical_70s_That_Never Was PatTI Krugman Huff Fost 05_19_2013.pctf; the Fruture_of dreen:Builcling_May_Be_Closer_than_You_Think_UP.Wharton_April_201 3.pdf; — Michelle Obama Graduation_Speech_Transcript,flowie_State_University_May_17,_2013. pdf; President Obama's Morehouse Cotrunencement_Speech_TRANSCRIPT_May_19,_2013.p df; Obama_and_Nixon,_A_Historical_Perspective_Robert_F._Kennedy_k_NYT_May_20,201 3.pdf; The_7_Craziest_Things_About_Apple_Tax_Avoidance_Strategy_Huff Post_May_22,_2013 .pdf; The_l Chart_That Reveals Just How Grossly_Unfair The_Unfair The US_Tax_System _Has_Become Ma_Gongioff fluff Fost 05_21_13.a; 1a-subcommittee-memo-on- offshore-proficshifting-apple_cenator Carl_Levin May_21,_2013.pdf; Libor in_a_barrel_The Economist_M-ay_1 ,_2011.pdf; The_eorporate Tax_DEdge Steven_Rattner_NYT May_23,_2013.pdf; on_politicg donations Editorial T3oard_TWP_May_22,_2013.pdf; Luther Vandross_bio_May_16,_2013.pcif Inline-Images: image.png; image(1).png; image(2).png; image(3).png Dear Friends First Lady Michelle Obama received a rock star's welcome a week ago Friday, when she took the podium at Bowie State's commencement ceremony. Having watched a bit of her speech on last Friday's ABC News program, I decided to watch the entire speech on Sunday afternoon and all that I can tell you is that everyone should do the same. In her 15-minute address, the First Lady touched on the university's founding in 1865 to train black teachers; the difficulties confronted by black students after emancipation from slavery and during the civil rights movement; and the sacrifices made by her own parents, who were not college graduates. "I am thinking about all the mothers and thefathers just like my parents, who dug into pocketsfor their last dime," the First Lady said. "Their sacrifice is your legacy." Located in suburban Washington, Bowie State has about 5,40o undergraduate and graduate students. The university invited the first lady to speak and moved its commencement to the University of Maryland's College Park campus to accommodate a crowd of thousands, which greeted the first lady with a standing ovation. Speaking to about 600 graduates at the University of Maryland's Comcast Center in College Park. The First Lady spoke of the importance of a good education and their responsibility after graduation for helping others achieve the same goal. "Be an example of excellence for the next generation," she said, doffing a black cap and gown. "Do everything you can to help them understand the power and purpose of good education." EFTA01188651 Weblink: ttp://abcnews.go.comMolitics/video/commencement-speech-addresses-2013-michelle-obama-bowie-state- 19203266#.UZISnO11x5A.email The First Lady: "For generations, in many parts of this country, it was illegal for black people to get an education. Slaves caught reading or writing could be beaten to within an inch of their lives. Anyone — black or white — who dared to teach them could be fined or thrown into jail. And yet, just two years after the Emancipation Proclamation was signed, this school was founded not just to educate African Americans, but to teach them how to educate others. It was in many ways an act of defiance, an eloquent rebuttal to the idea that black people couldn't or shouldn't be educated. And since then, generations of students from all backgrounds have come to this school to be challenged, inspired and empowered. And they have gone on to become leaders here in Maryland and across this country, running businesses, educating young people, leading the high-tech industries that will power our economy for decades to come." Later in the speech.... The First Lady: "But today, more than 15O years after the Emancipation Proclamation, more than 5o years after the end of "separate but equal," when it comes to getting an education, too many of our young people just can't be bothered. Today, instead of walking miles every day to school, they're sitting on couches for hours playing video games, watching TV. Instead of dreaming of being a teacher or a lawyer or a business leader, they're fantasizing about being a bailer or a rapper. [Applause] Right now, one in three African American students are dropping out of high school. Only one in five African Americans between the ages of 25 and 29 has gotten a college degree — one in five. But let's be very dear. Today, getting an education is as important if not more important than it was back when this university was founded. Just look at the statistics. [Applause] People who earn a bachelor's degree or higher make nearly three times more money than high school dropouts, and they're far less likely to be unemployed. A recent study even found that African American women with a college degree live an average of six and a half years longer than those without. And for men, it's nearly to years longer. So yes, people who are more educated actually live longer. So I think we can agree, and we need to start EFTA01188652 feeling that hunger again, you know what I mean? [Applause] We need to once again fight to educate ourselves and our children like our lives depend on it, because they do." Whether you like her husband or not, Michele Obama has been a shining light and example to us all. She embodies grace, wit and intelligence. The First Lady praised the students for crossing the finish line, pointing out that only one in five African Americans between the age of 25 and 29 have received their college degree. That's why the First Lady is urging the new grads to serve as role models. "No matter what career you pursue, every single one of you has a role to play as educators for young people," she said. Mrs. Obama specifically singled out Audrey Lugmayer, who pushed through personal adversity to get her degree. "It's a great honor to have her tell my story," Lugmayer said. "There are so many other stories like mine, so it was great to have her use it as an example of hard work. Most of all the First Lady urged her audience to give back to the community — make similar sacrifices to enable future generations to follow in their footsteps. First Lady: " The folks who, as the poet Alice Walker once wrote, "Knew what we must know without knowing a page of it themselves." Their sacrifice is your legacy. Do you hear me? And now it is up to all of you to carry that legacy forward, to be that flame of fate, that torch of truth to guide our young people toward a better future for themselves and for this country. And if you do that, and I know that you will, if you uphold that obligation, then I am confident we will build an even better future for the next generation of graduates from this fine school and for all of the children in this country because our lives depend on it. I wish you Godspeed, good luck. I love you all. Do good things. God bless." Again, I urge everyone to download the above weblink to see the speech, as our First Lady is a serious Class Act and in a league of her own As President Kennedy once famously said at a Press Conference in France on June 2, 1961, "I do not think it altogether inappropriate to introduce myself to this audience. I am the man who accompanied Jacqueline Kennedy to Paris. And I enjoyed it." After First Lady Michele Obama's inspiring commencement speech at Bowie State University a week ago Friday, the President could have started his commencement speech two days later at Morehouse University along the same lines with something like, "I am the man who was inspired by Michele Obama to speak to you today." As such, I urge everyone to see the President's speech via the web link below or read the attached transcript as its message is both inspirational and universal.... EFTA01188653 Website: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v-e50Tt9q,IRQk&noredirect=l President Barack Obama, in a soaring commencement address on work, sacrifice and opportunity, told graduates of Morehouse College Sunday to seize the power of their example as black men graduating from college and use it to improve people's lives. Noting the Atlanta school's mission to cultivate, not just educate, good men, Obama said graduates should not be so eager to join the chase for wealth and material things, but instead should remember where they came from and not "take your degree and get a fancy job and nice house and nice car and never look back." "So yes, go get that law degree. But if you do, ask yourself if the only option is to defend the rich and powerful, or if you can alsofind time to defend the powerless," Obama declared. "Sure, go get your MBA, or start that business, we need black businesses out there. But ask yourself what broader purpose your business might serve, in putting people to work, or transforming a neighborhood." "The most successful CEOs I know didn't start out intent on making money - rather, they had a vision of how their product or service would change things, and the moneyfollowed," he said. For those headed to medical school, Obama said "make sure you healfolks in underserved communities who really need it, too." He asked those headed to law school to think about defending the poor. At Morehouse, Obama also urged graduates to "inspire those who look up to you to expect more of themselves." As America's first black president addressing a predominantly black audience, Obama also talked about his personal story, growing up without a father he wished had been around and involved, and his desire to a better father to daughters Malia and Sasha than his father was to him. "We know that too many young men in our community continue to make bad choices," he said. "Growing up, I made quite a few myself. Sometimes I wrote off my own failings as just another example of the world trying to keep a black man down. I had a tendency sometimes to make excuses for me not doing the right thing. But one of the things that all of you have learned over the lastfour years, is there's no longer any room for excuses." "I understand there's a commonfraternity creed here at Morehouse: excuses are tools of the incompetent, used to build bridges to nowhere and monuments of nothingness," he said. "Well, we've got no timefor excuses - not because the bitter legacies of slavery and segregation have vanished EFTA01188654 entirely; they haven't. "Not because racism and discrimination no longer exist; we know those are still out there," he added. "It's just that in today's hyper-connected, hyper-competitive world, with millions of young peoplefrom China and India and Brazil, many of whom started with a whole lot less than all of you did, all of them entering the global workforce alongside you, nobody is going to give you anything that you haven't earned." "And moreover," the president said, "you have to remember that whatever you've gone through pales in comparison to the hardships previous generations endured - and they overcame, and if they overcame them, you can overcome them too." 'My job, as President, is to advocatefor policies that generate more opportunityfor everybody -- policies that strengthen the middle class and give more people the chance to climb their way into the middle class. Policies that create more good jobs and reduce poverty, and educate more children, and give morefamilies the security of health care, and protect more of our childrenfrom the horrors of gun violence. That's my job. Those are matters of public policy, and it is importantfor all of us -- black, white and brown -- to advocatefor an America where everybody has got a fair shot in life. Not just some. Not just a few." "But along with collective responsibilities, we have individual responsibilities," the President said. "As Morehouse Men, you now wield something even more powerful than the diploma you're about to collect -- and that's the power of your example. So what I ask of you today is the same thing I ask of every graduating class I address: Use that powerfor something larger than yourself." "And finally, as you do these things, do them not justfor yourself, but don't even do them justfor the African American community. I want you to set your sights higher," President Obama said. "It's not just the African American community that needs you. The country needs you. The world needs you." And although this may not be the President's greatest speech, its message follows a consistent theme to think beyond one's self and work for the greater good for all.... ****** In today's ADS culture where public attention can be gauged in nano-seconds, we can never mention the economic inequality to much. Since 1979 the income gap between people with college or graduate degrees and people whose education ended in high school has grown. Broadly speaking, this is a gap between working-class families in the middle 20 percent (with incomes roughly between $39,000 and $62,000) and affluent-to-rich families (say, the top 10 percent, with incomes exceeding $iii,000). This skills-based gap is the inequality most Americans see in their everyday lives. And the top 1 percent income averages $1.6 million (with a bottom threshold of about $367,000). Conservatives don't typically like to talk about income inequality. It stirs up uncomfortable questions about economic fairness. (That's why as a candidate Mitt Romney told a TV interviewer that inequality was best discussed in "quiet rooms.") On those rare occasions when conservatives do bring it up, it's the skills-based gap that usually draws their attention, because it offers an opportunity to criticize our government-run system of public education and especially teachers' unions. Concurrently, Liberals resist talking about the skills-based gap because they don't want to tell the working classes that they're losing ground because they don't have the right expertise. Conservatives say that Liberals prefer to focus on the 1 percent-based gap. Conceiving of inequality as something caused by the very richest people has obvious political appeal to a larger constituency. But the real problem is that the global market economy today in America has enabled giant corporation, to hold the government and citizens up for ransom -- eliciting subsidies and tax breaks from countries concerned about their nation's "competitiveness" -- while sheltering their profits in the lowest-tax jurisdictions they can find. Adding to this is the fact that labor is now treated as a commodity. As a result, these same corporations are less interested in supporting the institutions that educate and provide the safety-net for American workers. With more than $2 trillion of profits currently being held outside of the country, and corporations, Wall Street and the top 1 percent asking for more favorable treatment, it is reasonable for the 99 percent to be angry. If we are going to saddle EFTA01188655 our college students with massive debts and then ask them to make sacrifices in favor of those less fortunate, the top 1 percent and large corporations should be more than willing to do their part. The decline of labor unions is what connects the skills-based gap. Reviving labor unions is, sadly, anathema to the right; even many mainstream liberals resist the idea. But if economic growth depends on rewarding effort, we should all worry that the middle classes aren't getting pay increases commensurate with the wealth they create for their bosses. Bosses aren't going to fix this problem. That's the job of unions, and finding ways to rebuild them is liberalism's most challenging task. A bipartisan effort to revive the labor movement is hardly likely, but halting inequality's growth will depend, at the very least, on liberals and conservatives better understanding each other's definition of where the problem lies. And to get things started, I support a substantial jobs program to rebuild the country's infrastructure, as it will generate domestic employment, encourages companies to train domestic workers, slows down the economic inequality and makes the country as a whole more competitive internationally, leaving a stronger and better country for future generations. THIS WEEK's READINGS In an op-ed this week in the New York Times, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. wrote — Obama and Nixon: A Historical Perspective — that although Republicans, Democrats and all Americans should be outraged by the with the scandals involving the IRS targeting political groups and the FBI's spying on A.P. reporters. The broader public is legitimately concerned. However, in its classic overblown breathlessness at all things Obama, the gleeful Republican leadership is already calling for impeachment and dragging out desperate comparisons to Nixon's Watergate. This, despite caveats from its own sages not to overplay Republican good fortune. "We overreached in 1998," Newt Gingrich admitted recently. He counseled restraint to the Tea Party jihadists he helped spawn. Gingrich recalled how the GOP's scandal mongering against Clinton had only amplified Clinton's popularity and cost Republicans the 1998 mid-terms and Gingrich his speakership. But this new generation of hysterical House members immune to that wisdom, are headed straight for the feinting couch in fits of anti-Obama hysteria. Example, Iowa Congressman Steve King offered a shrill algorithm: "add Watergate and Iran Contra together and multiply by ten" to calculate the tyrannical evil of the Obama scandals. As usual, the Fox-fueled GOP narrative swayed the mainstream press. On May16, Reuters' Jeff Mason interrupted Obama's press conference with Turkish Prime Minister Erdogan to ask the President, "How do you feel about the comparisons by some of your critics with the scandals of the Nixon Administration?" Obama responded with calm contempt; he would leave those comparisons to the journalists. But he urged Mason to "read some history." If Mason takes that advice, here are some of the historical tidbits he might consider. The difference is that President Richard Nixon was aware that the IRS had audited him in 1961 and 1962 and presumed those audits were politically motivated by the Kennedy White House and his friends and political allies John Wayne and Rev. Billy Graham had endured recent audits by his own IRS, Nixon ordered White House Chief of Staff Bob Haldeman, "Get the word out, down to the IRS that I want them to conductfield audits on those who are our opponents," starting with John F. Kennedy's, former campaign manager and White House aide, then Democratic Committee Chairman, Lawrence O'Brien. In 1969 Nixon's people has the IRS set up a special internal arm "the Activist Organization Committee" to audit an "enemies list" with Senator Ted Kennedy was at the top of that list along with a small army of well-known journalists. The IRS later renamed its political audit squad "Special Services" or "SS" to keep its mission secret. The SS targeted over 1,000 liberal groups for audits and 4,000 individuals. The SS staff managed their files in a soundproof cell in the IRS basement. On September 27, 197o, Nixon ordered Haldeman to get the IRS to investigate my Uncle EFTA01188656 Ted who was then the presumed frontrunner in the 1972 presidential contest, sharing the field with Edmond Muskie and Hubert Humphrey who Nixon also ordered audited. Nixon personally put White House dirty trickster Tom Charles Huston, former president of the Young Americans for Freedom, in charge of setting up the new IRS "anti-radical squad" to make sure that the laggards in IRS's bureaucracy didn't drop the ball. Huston prepared a 43-page blueprint for Nixon outlining a government agency campaign targeting Nixon's enemies. Uncle Teddy was still at the top. The scheme included tapping phones without warrants, infiltrating organizations that had been critical of the President and, purging IRS agents who refused to tow the Republican line. Huston told the President, "we won't be in control of the government and in a position of effective leverage until such time or we have complete and total control of the top three slots" at the IRS. Nixon also enthusiastically authorized a series of "black bag jobs" including breaking into offices, homes and liberal think tanks like the Ford Foundation and the Brookings Institute which Nixon believed was home to many former Kennedy Administration officials. In May 1971, Nixon used an IRS investigation of Alabama Governor George Wallace's brother, Gerald Wallace, to pressure Gov. Wallace to run for President on the Democratic ticket as a spoiler rather than on a third party ticket as he planned. The blackmail scheme succeeded and most of Wallace's white male supporters fled to the Republicans after the Democrats nominated civil rights activist George McGovern. Nixon's tactic of having Wallace run as a Democrat was an indispensable element of the White House's "southern strategy". Four months later, on September 8, 1971, Nixon raged at his counsel and Chief Domestic Policy Advisor, John Ehrlichman, about the IRS's lack of progress on finding dirt on his enemies. "We have the power but are we using it to investigate contributors to Hubert Humphrey, to Muskie, and the Jews? You know they are stealing everybody.... you know they really tried to crucify Ho Lewis (Reader's Digest editor, Hobart Lewis, a Nixon supporter who had been auditedJ!Are we looking into Muskie's return? Hubert's? Hubert's been in a lot offunny deals. Teddy? Who knows about the Kennedys? Shouldn't they be investigated?" The following week he pleaded with Haldeman to light a fire under the IRS. "Bob, please get me the names of the Jews, you know the Big Jewish contributors of the Democrats.... Could we please investigate those cocksuckers?" The following day he replayed that tune for Ehrlichman. "You see the IRS isfull of Jews that's the reason they went after Graham." Haldeman recounted in his diary, "There was a considerable discussion of the terrible problem arisingfrom the total Jewish domination of the media. Graham has the strongfeeling that the Bible says there are Satanic Jews and that's where our problem arises." The "Jewish-controlled media" and the "liberal media" were never far from Nixon's limbic system. Nixon also bugged reporters and used bribery, blackmail attempts, forgery, spying, burglary, and extensive bugging by national police agencies and by his own "plumbers squad" to monitor and manipulate the press for political purposes. Many of the top twenty names on Nixon's political enemies list (which eventually included 47,000 Americans) were reporters. They included Daniel Schorr, Mary McGrory, Edwin Guthman and Walter Cronkite. Nixon's staff and agencies bugged their phones, investigated their sex lives, rifled their trash, and had them watched and followed. Nixon directly ordered the investigation of imagined homosexuality by columnist Jack Anderson, a devout, teetotaling Mormon with a happy marriage and nine children. There is no ambiguity here. Nixon and his aides ran these illegal activities out of the Oval Office at the urging of the President, whereas the current IRS scandal appears to be an office of IRS agents trying to use technology to identify organizations that might be falsely trying to get non-profit designation. Or in the case of Benghazi, massaging an evolving story as oppose to covering up illegal activities. And as for the wire-tapping of AP journalists, these were issued to find out who leaked a high-level CIA asset in Yemen's identification and his supporting network. As Napoleon Bonaparte said, "never ascribe to malice that which is adequately explained by incompetence." And calling everything a scandal when it is not, is akin to calling every fire arson. As a supporter of the President, I definitely believe that EFTA01188657 both he and members of his Administration have made many mistakes, but trying to compare them to the Nixon Administration's illegal activities is completely wrong. One of my father's favorite sayings was that "history is always re-written by the winners." And since Ronald Reagan's Administration, Republicans have chosen to cherry pick history to support supply- side economics, whereby lower taxes is suppose to grow the economy based on the theory that more money in the people's hands will stimulate the economy more than if used by government. This week in the Huffington Post - Paul Krugman: Today's Austerity Policies Based On A Mythical dos That Never Was' - the article points out that the Nobel-Prize winning economist and New York Times columnist wrote in a blog post Sunday that current policymakers are basing their decisions to cut spending, leading in many cases to high unemployment, on the false notion that the recession of the late 197os and early 198os was caused by too much government debt and too many government handouts. During the period leading up to that recession government debt was low and stable or falling as a share of the economy. What actually caused the recession of the late 197os, Krugman writes, was an unfortunate vicious cycle of workers demanding more money because they expected prices to rise, companies raising prices to pay for their increased costs as well as big oil price shocks. "It would be bad enough if we were basing policy today on lessonsfrom the xs,"ICrugman wrote in the blog post Sunday. "It's even worse that we're basing policy today on a mythical 70s that never was." Though Krugman has been criticizing some policymakers' obsession with austerity for years, the strategy has recently come under fire after a widely-cited paper by Harvard economists Carmen Reinhart and Ken Rogoff thought to prove that high levels of government debt correlated with economic downturns, turned out to be riddled with errors. For their part, Reinhart and Rogoff have tried to disown the austerity movement -- which included Rep. Paul Ryan (R-Wis.), the U.K.'s George Osborne and other prominent politicians -- which cited their research as a way to justify their policies. Earlier this month former President Bill Clinton backed Krugman's argument that a laser-sharp focus on cutting the deficit can lead to high unemployment and other economic problems, saying "It's obvious that if you overdo austerity, you get Europe." The average unemployment rate in the Eurozone is at a record 12.1 percent and the region is currently mired in the longest recession in its history. Some experts blame the region's policymakers' obsessive focus on slashing government debt for the eurozone's economic woes. At least in the U.S., it turns out runaway debt may not be as much of a concern as originally thought, despite politicians' panic. The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office found earlier this month that the deficit is likely to shrink rapidly through 2015. So when most economist believe that generating jobs should be our #1 priority, by using false prior assumptions, it is easy to see why certain politicians are still pushing austerity and supply-side economics which didn't work then and won't work now. Last month the University of Pennsylvania's business school Wharton published — The Future of Green Building May Be Closer than You Think. It starts out that green building (buildings that consume no outside energy are being developed today using existing technology) growth is mushrooming around the world creating markets for green building products and technologies, which in turn will lead to faster growth of green building. And even smaller innovative companies are getting into the game. While considerable attention is being focused on innovative products and technologies -- the means of achieving green building -- another kind of innovation has given birth to an exciting new approach. The net-zero energy building, or NZEB, focuses less on the means and more on the end result, which is a building or group of structures that generate as much energy as they use. A building's energy EFTA01188658 production may be more than it needs at certain periods in time, explains David Riley, professor of architectural engineering at Pennsylvania State University and executive director of the university's Center for Sustainability. But it qualifies as net-zero only if "the meter has not moved by the end of the year." The NZEB approach has been gaining momentum for some time, but in the past few years virtually all the major players -- government agencies, academia, the military, not-for-profits and increasingly the business community -- have become actively engaged in demonstrating the near-term potential of NZEB at residential, community and commercial scales. The residential challenge is affordability: As part of a research project, The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently built a net-zero test home in the Washington, D.C. area. "This home has all thefeatures and aesthetics you wouldfind in an upscale Washington, D.C. metro home," Hunter Fanney, chief of NIST's energy and environment division, told U.S. News and World Report. "There's really nothing exotic about it and nothing that can't be readily done with conventional construction." But the challenge at the residential level isn't technical; it's financial. Betsy Pettit, president of Building Science Corporation, told Reuters that a house similar to the NIST house, built in Concord, Mass., cost about $600,000 -- and that didn't include the cost of the land. While it is possible to build a net-zero house for less, it usually means a much smaller building with fewer amenities. According to Pettit, a house that approached net-zero energy use was built for Habitat for Humanity for just $150,000, but it measured only 1,200 square feet, less than half the size of an average single-family house in the U.S. in 2011. In an effort to bring NZEB within reach of the average homeowner, the GridSTAR Center, a smart-grid education and research institute at Penn State, is focusing much of its work on the development of an affordable net-zero demonstration house. The goal, says Riley, who is also the principle investigator for the GridSTAR Center, is to create a home that generates all of the energy necessary "to meet the needs of the house and is a wise investmentfor the homeowner." And the first step toward achieving that aim is to make the 2,400 square-foot demonstration house, located at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, as energy efficient as possible. That way, Riley explains, "It won't need a whole lot energy generation to serve its needs." None of the energy-saving features in the modular home is exotic and many are installed in the controlled environment of the factory that is making the building components. In addition, since the emphasis is on reducing both construction and operating costs, load-managing appliances are being installed. Homeowners can run these appliances whenever they want, but the appliances advise the owners when electricity is least expensive in the region, and can be programmed by the homeowner to run when the rates are lowest. The amount of energy that the house generates and consumes at any one time depends on a number of constantly shifting variables -- time of year, time of day, weather conditions and the owner's behavior, to name just a few. On a sunny summer day, when the family is out of the house, the photovoltaic roof shingles (installed at the factory) and the solar thermal collector, which helps provide both hot water and space heat, are likely to generate more energy than the house uses, in effect running the meter backwards. But on a cold winter night, when family members are home cooking and using everything from computers to televisions, the meter is likely to be running in the other direction. The net-zero goal is achieved if at the end of a year, the meter is in the same place that it was at the beginning -- in other words, the net energy use for the year is zero. One element that is critical to achieving this goal is the 10-kilowatt battery that sits inside the house. It serves two essential purposes. One is as a backup in case the grid ever goes down (according to Bloomberg Business Week, 18% of American households have either permanent or portable backup generators, a number that continues to climb as mega-storms like Sandy continue to knock out the grid). The battery's other use is to "level the load," says Riley. 'That battery can charge up at night when the electricity is cheap and deploy during peak times to discharge into the grid. So instead ofjust sitting there waitingfor the grid to go down, this battery can actually generate revenue every day." And the battery may turn out to be less expensive than it might otherwise have EFTA01188659 been. GridSTAR is evaluating the practicality of re-using the 16.5 kilowatt-hour lithium-ion battery pack from a Chevy Volt plug-in hybrid after its useful life in the car is over. (GridSTAR is the first test site for the reuse of a Volt battery in a residential storage application.) "General Motors engineered the battery to outlast the car," explains Riley. "The company doesn't want someone to buy a Volt and have toface an expensive battery replacement over the life of the car. But that battery is still going to have some use and discharges left, and it actually has the perfect capabilities to become a community-storage or a residential-scale battery." The recycling of used hybrid car battery packs for stationary use is also being explored at the University of California, San Diego. The next net-zero frontier is at the community level: "At the level of a single home, it's generally not a good investment to have a house that produces a lot more energy than you need," Riley states. While utilities may allow a homeowner to run his or her meter backwards at times, very few will actually pay for excess power beyond what the house uses in the course of a year. But things change when a whole community of houses, or a neighborhood of mixed residential and commercial buildings, aims for net- zero. Katrina Managan, of Johnson Control's Institute for Building Efficiency, notes in a recent white paper ("Net Zero Communities: One Building at a Time") that such communities offer two key advantages: economies of scale in energy generation and a mix of buildings with varying occupancy patterns and energy use that can balance the energy load across an entire neighborhood. Communities also have the potential to generate enough excess energy to interest local utilities in negotiating revenue-generating agreements. Such communities are just starting to appear. Motivated by the need to achieve energy security and independence, the U.S. Army is piloting a net-zero installation at Fort Bliss, located outside of El Paso, Texas. Occupying more than one million acres of land in Texas and New Mexico, and with a total population in excess of 90,000, Fort Bliss is aiming to transform the base into a net-zero energy community by 2015. Balancing budgetary and security concerns, Fort Bliss is modeling various possibilities, ranging from a waste-to-energy system, using the waste from the city of El Paso, to a geothermal plant, to be used in conjunction with energy-efficiency projects and load-balancing solutions, such as solar photovoltaics. Outside of the military, the largest net-zero energy community in the U.S. is already nearing its goal of generating on site all of the energy used in its residential, community and commercial spaces. When completed, the West Village at the University of California, Davis, will include a village square and a network of open spaces, parks, gardens, pathways and courtyards; housing for 3,000 students, faculty and staff (in 662 apartments and 343 single-family homes); 42,50o square feet of commercial space; a recreation center; and eventually, a preschool/day care center. As with the Grid STAR demonstration house, the first concern at West Village was energy efficiency. The roof uses solar-reflective material and radiant barrier sheathing, and thick 2" x 6" exterior walls add an extra level of insulation. Other architectural features, such as roof overhangs and window sunshades, combine with high-efficiency lighting, air conditioning units and appliances to reduce energy consumption to 5o% below what would normally be expected if the buildings were simply built to code. A four-megawatt photovoltaic system, including rooftop solar installations and solar canopies over parking areas, is designed to meet the needs of the first 1,980 apartment residents and commercial spaces. After that, the plan calls for a biogas generator, based on technology developed at UC Davis, which will convert dormitory table scraps, animal waste from the campus dairy and plant waste from agricultural research fields into electricity. Residents also play a key role, and are being given access to a web-based tool that enables energy use monitoring by unit. And a smartphone app lets residents turn off lamps and plugged-in electronics remotely. A little more than a year into the project and about halfway toward its target population of 3,000, West Village appears to be on track to achieve zero net energy use in 2013. The preliminary data is promising but not definitive, according to developer Carmel Partners of San Francisco. The EFTA01188660 solar panels are performing as expected and residents are using the anticipated amount of electricity. Efforts are underway to educate those residents whose energy use is higher than average on ways to reduce consumption. All of this comes at a cost, however. In addition to $3oo million invested by West Village Community Partnership, a joint venture of Carmel Partners of San Francisco and Urban Villages of Denver, the project received nearly $7.5 million in federal and state energy research grants. And apartment rents are said to be at the high end of the Davis market. As you can see green building is the future, with an increasing number of projects being developed each months here and abroad, developing concepts and tools that are making net-zero communities a reality. For more information please feel free to read the attached complete study by ICnowledge@Wharton. ****** With politicians in Washington fight over the top rate on personal incomes, companies are avoiding hundreds of billions in taxes by shifting profits through a complex web of subsidiaries to low-tax offshore tax havens and parking more than $1.6 trillion internationally. The most recent example is Apple with headquarters in Cupertino, California set up subsidiaries which have no employees in places like Ireland, in effect, make them stateless — exempt from taxes, record-keeping laws and the need for the subsidiaries to even file tax returns anywhere in the world. All came to light on Tuesday when Apple's Chairman, Tim Cook spoke before a Congressional Committee to push for tax reform that would benefit American companies with international operations/subsidiaries. In a 40-page memorandum released the day before by the Senate's Permanent Subcommittee for Investigations identified three subsidiaries which had no "tax residency" in Ireland, where they are incorporated, or in the United States, where company executives manage those companies and somehow which has a Cork, Ireland mailing address that received $29.9 billion in dividends from lower-tiered offshore Apple affiliates from 2009 to 2012, comprising 30 percent of Apple's total worldwide net profits — paying no taxes. The findings about Apple were remarkable both for the enormous amount of money involved and the audaciousness of the company's assertion that its subsidiaries are beyond the reach of any taxing authority. Mr. Cook argued that some of Apple's largest subsidiaries do not reduce Apple's tax liability, and to press for a sweeping overhaul of the United States corporate tax code — in particular, by lowering rates on companies moving foreign overseas earnings back to the United States top Apple's offshore network is a subsidiary named Apple Operations International, which is incorporated in Ireland — where Apple had negotiated a special corporate tax rate of 2 percent or less in recent years — but keeps its bank accounts and records in the United States and holds board meetings in California. Because the United States bases residency on where companies are incorporated, while Ireland focuses on where they are managed and controlled, Apple Operations International was able to fall neatly between the cracks of the two countries' jurisdictions. Investigators have not accused Apple of breaking any laws and the company is hardly the only American multinational to face scrutiny for using complex corporate structures and tax havens to sidestep taxes. In recent months, revelations from European authorities about the tax avoidance strategies used by Google, Starbucks and Amazon have all stirred public anger and spurred several European governments, as well as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, a Paris-based research organization for the world's richest countries, to discuss measures to close the loopholes. Apple currently assigns more than $100 billion to offshore subsidiaries. "Apple wasn't satisfied with shifting its profits to a low-tax offshore tax haven," said Senator Carl Levin, a Michigan Democrat who is chairman of the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations that is holding the public hearing Tuesday into Apple's use of tax havens. "Apple successfully sought the holy grail of tax avoidance. It has created offshore entities holding tens of billions of dollars while claiming to be tax resident nowhere." Thanks to what lawmakers called "gimmicks" and "schemes," Apple was able to largely sidestep EFTA01188661 taxes on tens of billions of dollars it earned outside the United States in recent years. Last year, international operations accounted for 61 percent of Apple's total revenue. While Apple's strategy is unusual in its scope and effectiveness, it underscores how riddled with loopholes the American corporate tax code has become. At the same time, it shows how difficult it will be for Washington to overhaul the tax system. Over all, Apple's tax avoidance efforts shifted at least $74 billion from the reach of the Internal Revenue Service between 2009 and 2012, the investigators said. That cash remains offshore, but Apple, which paid more than $6 billion in taxes in the United States last year on its American operations, could still have to pay federal taxes on it if the company were to return the money to its coffers in the United States. John McCain of Arizona, who is the panel's senior Republican, said: "Apple claims to be the largest U.S corporate taxpayer; but by sheer size and scale, it is also among America's largest tax avoiders." The Senate investigators also found evidence that the company turned over substantially less money to the government than its public filings indicated. While the company cited an effective rate of 24 to 32 percent in its disclosures, its effective tax rate was 20.1 percent, based on the committee's findings. And for a company of Apple's size, the resulting difference was substantial — more than $8 billion in 2009, 2010 and 2011. As a result of these strategies, Washington is forced to rely more and heavily on payroll taxes and individual income taxes to finance the government's operations. For example, in 2011, individual income taxes contributed $1.1 trillion to federal coffers, while corporate taxes added up to $181 billion. But the Big Ugly is the hogwash that Tim Cook publicly said to defend his company's practices. "We pay all the taxes we owe, eve'', single dollar We not only comply with the laws, but we comply with the spirit of the laws. We don't depend on tax gimmicks. "We don't move intellectualproperty offshore and use it to sell our products back to the United States to avoid taxes. We don't stash money on some Caribbean island. We don't move our moneyfrom ourforeign subsidiaries to fund our U.S. business in oilier to skirt the repatriation tax." "There is a technical term economists like to use for behavior like this," said Edward Kleinbard, a law professor at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles and a former staff director at the Congressional Joint Committee on Taxation. "Unbelievable chutzpah." The other Big Ugly was that Mr. Cook initial came to Washington to lobby for additional tax breaks before. Tuesday's hearing is the second to be held by Senator Carl Levin, a Michigan Democrat and chairman of the subcommittee, to shed light on the weaknesses of the U.S. corporate tax code. Levin has sought to overhaul the code in Congress. Lawmakers globally are closely scrutinizing the taxes paid by multinational companies. In Britain, Google faces regulatory inquiries over its own tax policies, while Hewlett-Packard Co and Microsoft Corp have been called to Capitol Hill to answer questions about their own practices. Corporations must pay the top U.S. 35-percent corporate tax on foreign profits, but not until those profits are brought into the United States from abroad. This exception is known as corporate offshore income deferral. Large U.S. companies boosted their offshore earnings by 15 percent last year to a record $1.9 trillion, avoiding hefty tax bills by keeping the profits abroad, according to research firm Audit Analytics. The final Big Ugly, is that this is part of the rigging of the system, as more than half of Apple's shares are owned by its top 50 investors. And although many of these investors are pension and mutual funds, (ostensibly resenting workers and small investors), the executives and managers of these institutions receive generous (if not egregious) compensation, as well as inside market makers and rich investors further widen the economic inequality between the Top 1% and the rest of America. Leading up to Apple CEO Tim Cook's Congressional testimony on his company's dubious-if-legal tax strategies, the Huffington Post posted — 7 Craziest Things About Apple's Tax Avoidance Strategy - to critiqued the 40-page memorandum released Senate's Permanent Subcommittee for Investigations. 1. Almost all of Apple's foreign operations are run through an Irish company with no employees. EFTA01188662 2. Apple pays 2%—or less—in corporate income tax in Ireland. 3. Apple Operations International, which provided 30% of Apple's worldwide net profits from 2009 to 2011, doesn't pay taxes anywhere. 4. Apple's US profits keep ending up in Ireland, too. 5. Most of the $102 billion Apple is keeping "overseas" is in US banks. 6. The magic of "check-the-box" makes whole companies disappear 7. Apple is seemingly terrible at estimating its own taxes In annual reports between 2009 and 2011, the company told investors it was setting aside $13.7 billion to pay federal taxes — but it has actually paid only $5.3 billion. Those set-asides are only advance estimates, but it's pretty strange that each year they're off by many billions of dollars. As a result, Apple's actual US tax rate is only 20.1%, much lower than the 24% to 32% it said it was paying. Absent this congressional investigation, we wouldn't know the difference. And as Mark Gongloff wrote in the Huffingtoo Post — The 1 Chart That Reveals Just How Grossly Unfair The U.S. Tax System Has Become — shows is how dramatically corporate tax contributions have shrunk in the past several decades, and how our personal taxes have risen to fill the gap. Payroll taxes now make up 35 percent of all federal government tax receipts, up from 11 percent in 1950. Corporate income taxes, meanwhile, now make up less than 10 percent of federal revenue, down from about 26 percent in 1950. To explain those numbers a little more clearly: people who are on the payrolls of companies now bear way more of a tax burden than those companies bore decades ago. Those companies, meanwhile, bear less of a burden than we ever did. And this doesn't include individual inco